tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-88260296429402960202024-03-05T08:13:58.038-08:00Mr. Newman's Digital Rhetorical SymposiumUnknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger57125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8826029642940296020.post-45426459591448907482010-10-05T19:29:00.000-07:002010-10-05T20:19:57.233-07:00Franklin D. Roosevelt "Pearl Harbor Address to the Nation" AnalysisThe Japanese Empire bombarded Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941 it was a surprise attack to the United States. This event caused the loss of many innocent people as well as material destruction to the country. Franklin D. Roosevelt was the president during that time, his duty was to address both, the nation and the Congress to inform them about what had happened he did this through his speech “Pearl Harbor Address to the Nation”. The speech was extremely important, not only because of how delicate was the subject, but also because he had the challenge to inform two very different audiences about the occurred. His first audience was Congress which was important because in the end they would determine whether or not to go to war. Also the nation would listen to this speech, while Congress got to see and hear him during the speech Americans would only hear the speech through radio, which made this an even harder task to accomplish.<br /><br />However, Franklin D. Roosevelt did a truly amazing job addressing both the nation and Congress because he did not focus on only one audience. He clearly addresses both audiences when he says, “I believe that I interpret the will of the Congress and of the people...” he takes both opinions into consideration. By doing this Roosevelt gives equal importance to the nation and to Congress, which helps him get a positive response from both audiences. This shows that he successfully informed the nation and Congress about the war and both audiences understood. He accomplished two things at once because by addressing both audiences in one speech he shows that he had them both in mind. He did not include the kind of language that the nation would not understand just because he was talking to congress. Also he did not deliver the speech on a manner that would not be appropriate for Congress he used just the right language that would be understood by both audiences.<br /><br />Another important aspect of this speech that made it so successful is the way that he delivered the speech. He knew that the nation would be listening to the speech and he obviously knew that Congress would be present when he would be delivering the speech. Therefore he had to use a tone that would accomplish the purpose of the speech. This had two purposes first to inform his audience about the occurred and second and most important to keep the nation calmed and assure them safety. He does this when he informs the audience that, “the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked…” although this was something very shocking he managed to stay calmed and transmit that to others. He also assures safety, “I have directed that all measures be taken for our defense…” which gives the nation some kind of tranquility knowing that things are being taken care of. Roosevelt’s tone was very calm yet very powerful as it is shown in Fig. 1, when he is presenting his speech to Congress and the nation. <div><br /></div><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/ufoUtoQLGQY?fs=" width="425" height="344" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" hl="en_US" wmode="transparent" allowfullscreen="true" allowscriptaccess="never"></embed></div><div><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: center">Figure 1 Roosevelt, Franklin Delano. "Pearl Harbor Address to the Nation." 8 December 1941.</div><br />As a result of Roosevelt’s capability to address two audiences at once and to deliver the speech with an appropriate and effective tone the speech was very successful. He successfully informed the audience about what happened without causing confusing in neither of them. He used the appropriate language to address both the Congress and the nation. Roosevelt was also aware that his speech would be presented to the audience in two forms, via radio for the nation and in person to the Congress. This played a big role in how he delivered the speech but he managed it very well and used a tone that projected confidence in providing safety for the nation and was powerful enough to ensure that things would be taken care of.<br /><br /><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: center">Work Cited</div>Roosevelt, Franklin Delano. "Pearl Harbor Address to the Nation." 8 December 1941.<br /><br /><br /><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: center">Work Consulted</div>"Pearl Harbor History: Why Did Japan Attack? Eyewitness Accounts, Casualty List, Background." Attack on Pearl Harbor: Ships, Heroes and Speeches. Web. 06 Oct. 2010. <http:>.<br /><br />“YouTube - Franklin D. Roosevelt - Declaration of War." YouTube - Broadcast Yourself. Web. 6 Oct. 2010.<br /></HTTP: history-of-pearl-harbor.asp www.pearlharbor.org></div>Paola Ricohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08812604334422260866noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8826029642940296020.post-60409099438080948832010-10-05T19:24:00.001-07:002010-10-05T19:54:01.299-07:00Preventing Atomic Annihilation: "Atoms for Peace"<span xmlns=""><p><span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;" >The 1950s were a time</span><span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;" > of great time of American prosperity; the country had just won World War II and w</span><span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;" >as riding on postwa</span><span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;" >r hype. However, this was overshadowed by conflicts with the communist Soviet Union during the <a href="http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/cold-war-1950s.htm">cold war</a>. The wor</span><span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;" >ld was fearful of the differing viewpoints of the two world powers, and the possibility of total war between demo</span><span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;" >cratic and communistic governments. This</span><span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;" > fear was intensified by the sheer destruction that could be caused by a new weapon used during World War II, the atomi</span><span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;" >c bomb. This technology was in the hands of both the Soviet Union and the United States, and total war between these tw</span><span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;" >o countries could </span><span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;" >lead to global annihilation. To address this issue, Dwight D. Eisenhower was invited to speak in front of the Unite</span><span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;" >d Nations General Assembly in his speech <a href="http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/dwightdeisenhoweratomsforpeace.html">"Atoms for Peace."</a> Eisenhower's use of language effectively convey</span><span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;" >s to his audience the severity of the situation and firmly establishes America's stance on this issue.<br /></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;" > The world was on</span><span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;" > edge about the con</span><span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;" >flicting viewpoints of the United States and the Sovi</span><span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;" >et Union. In his speech Eisenhower had to defend the United States on its nuclear program while calming the world about the</span><span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;" > possibilities of atomic fallout. He does this effectively with his use of language in several situations. Even though many of t</span><span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;" >he countries at the</span><span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;" > United Nations did not have atomic arms, Eisenhower unites the assembly by stating, "if a danger exists in the w</span><span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;" >orld, it is a danger shared by all; and equally, that</span><span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;" > if hope exists in the mind of one nation, that hope should be shared by all." Through this statement he establishes that th</span><span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;" >e world should have hope in the face of danger. Later in his speech Eisenhower also addresses that this technology will n</span><span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;" >ot always be held</span><span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;" > by a select few nations and expresses a point, "First, the knowledge now possessed by several nations will </span><span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;" >eventually be shared</span><span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;" > by others, possibly all </span><span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;" >others." This also brings the issue of atomic weapons to all of the nations through establishing that this technology m</span><span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;" >ay be obtained by all and the possibility of what to do with this is shared by all. In figure 1, the vast number of pe</span><span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;" >ople Eisenhower addresses is shown and the difficulty he would have had to unite</span><span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;" > the entire assembly, divided by language and culture, to the issue of atomic warfare.<span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style=";font-size:12pt;" ><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmYvHlR1-_1YRtQiuDWLYaRL1sNwjxm42ZpM9r7VWw95dmQaTqi85OVyMaUcsR9XSxSuNBq7XiePbJKaAn5Z4qOn5yyWt0gELWZ5-hcVsGoCONB9WqqB7DA0lk07E86RRf3yptSMbIz8tV/s1600/Dwight+D+Eisenhower.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 234px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmYvHlR1-_1YRtQiuDWLYaRL1sNwjxm42ZpM9r7VWw95dmQaTqi85OVyMaUcsR9XSxSuNBq7XiePbJKaAn5Z4qOn5yyWt0gELWZ5-hcVsGoCONB9WqqB7DA0lk07E86RRf3yptSMbIz8tV/s320/Dwight+D+Eisenhower.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5524753594878172450" border="0" /></a></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p></span><div style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span xmlns=""><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:trackmoves/> <w:trackformatting/> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:donotpromoteqf/> <w:lidthemeother>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:lidthemeasian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:lidthemecomplexscript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> <w:splitpgbreakandparamark/> <w:dontvertaligncellwithsp/> <w:dontbreakconstrainedforcedtables/> <w:dontvertalignintxbx/> <w:word11kerningpairs/> <w:cachedcolbalance/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathpr> <m:mathfont val="Cambria Math"> <m:brkbin val="before"> <m:brkbinsub val="--"> <m:smallfrac val="off"> <m:dispdef/> <m:lmargin val="0"> <m:rmargin val="0"> <m:defjc val="centerGroup"> <m:wrapindent val="1440"> <m:intlim val="subSup"> <m:narylim val="undOvr"> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" defunhidewhenused="true" defsemihidden="true" defqformat="false" defpriority="99" latentstylecount="267"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="0" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Normal"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="heading 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 7"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 8"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 9"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 7"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 8"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 9"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="35" qformat="true" name="caption"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="10" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Title"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="1" name="Default Paragraph Font"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="11" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Subtitle"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="22" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Strong"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="20" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Emphasis"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="59" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Table Grid"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Placeholder Text"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="1" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="No Spacing"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Revision"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="34" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="List Paragraph"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="29" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Quote"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="30" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Intense Quote"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="19" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Subtle Emphasis"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="21" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Intense Emphasis"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="31" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Subtle Reference"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="32" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Intense Reference"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="33" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Book Title"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="37" name="Bibliography"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" qformat="true" name="TOC Heading"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} </style> <![endif]--> </span> </div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Figure 1 “Dwight D. Eisenhower: Atoms for Peace.” Photograph. 8 Dec. 1953 <i style="">American Rhetoric</i>. Web. 4 Oct. 2010.<span style=""> </span></span></p> <br /><span xmlns=""><p><span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;" > </span></p></span></div><span xmlns=""><p><span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;" >Although Eisenhower seeks to unify the world, he does not shy away from the United States' stance on Atomic war and defines what the nation will do to address this issue. Throughout his speech Eisenhower states the power that the United States has and the will not to use it, although the United States will to defend itself. This is exemplified when Eisenhower states, "the retaliation capabilities of the Unites States are so great that such an aggressor's land would be laid waste, all this, while fact, is not the true expression of the purpose and the hope of the United States." This use of language shows the firm, resolute view of the United States without making the United States seem like a nation bent on warfare. In addition to stating the strength of the United States he also introduces the possibility of all the nations with atomic power to use some of that power to develop an agency devoted to the use of atomic power for peaceful methods. The strong language used throughout the speech shows the desire for a peaceful solution but also the United States firm stance on atomic warfare and the defense of the United States policies thus far.<br /></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;" > The importance of this issue has not dwindled as several countries are developing nuclear weapons and world's stockpile of nuclear weapons still increases. However, through this speech the International Atomic Energy Agency was created, which has regulated and promoted peaceful use of atomic energy. Eisenhower's speech was effective in defending American policies and to establish a peaceful use for atomic energy rather than for war.</span></p></span><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:85%;" xmlns="" ><p><span style="font-family: times new roman;"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size:100%;">Work Cited</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><br /></span></p> </span> </p></span><div style="text-align: left; font-family: times new roman; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Eisenhower, Dwight D. "Atoms for Peace." United Nations General Assembly. 8 Dec. 1953.</span></p> </span></div> <span style="font-family: times new roman; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;" > </span> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%; text-align: left; font-family: times new roman; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><i><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">American Rhetoric</span></i><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">. Web. 4 Oct. 2010.</span></span><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%; text-align: center; font-family: times new roman; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Work Consulted<br /></p></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: times new roman; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;" xmlns="" ></span><div style="text-align: left; font-family: times new roman;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;" xmlns="" >"Cold War in the 1950s." <i>Global Security</i>. Ed. John Pike. N.p., 2010. Web. 5 Oct. 2010 </span><br /></div><span style="font-family: times new roman;" xmlns=""><br /></span><br /></div>Kevin Blackhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17933779198506212483noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8826029642940296020.post-89102462358322868462010-10-05T19:22:00.000-07:002010-10-05T20:08:30.043-07:00Barbara Jordan: Statement on the Articles of Impeachment<div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; ">The Watergate scandal is an event that will be forever burned into the history of America. It will forever hinder the trust we, as American citizens, have for our leader because of the betrayal we suffered during Nixon’s reign; this is the view of impeachment enthusiast Barbara Jordan, who’s speech on the matter effectively persuaded her audience. In her “Statement on the Articles of Impeachment” speech she expresses to the chairmen of the U.S. House Judiciary Committee her standpoint and reasons as to why the president should be impeached. She effectively persuades her audience by connecting to them on a legal plain and thoughtfully transitioning to her main point and reasoning statements.</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><br />After connecting to her audience with her “We the people” statements, she transitioned to her implications stating the fact that the constitution allows the impeachment of the president at the time. “It is wrong, I suggest, it is a misreading of the Constitution for any member here to assert that for a member to vote for an article of impeachment means that that member must be convinced that the President should be removed from office. The Constitution doesn't say that.” (Jordan 1) She’s implicating that even though the president was not convicted of the crimes he is accused of he is still not immune to impeachment. This is an effective strategy because she does not come out and say she wants to impeach the president, she lets you have your own thoughts in the beginning with her own spin on it, subtly projecting her opinions into the audiences thoughts.<br /><br />Finishing off her speech, Jordan seamlessly goes on from subtly implying an idea, to thoroughly elaborating on her viewpoint of what has been going on politically during the time. “The President has made public announcements and assertions bearing on the Watergate case, which the evidence will show he knew to be false.” This is an impressive transition because her speech never tells you what to do, or tell you what to think; the speech allows for free thought on the subject, but gives some enlightening facts that will, more often than not, persuade the audience to see her side of the issue. All of these facts are actions of the president that showed him to be a liar to the press, the government, and the public. Evidence was given to put the president in an illegal situation, but not enough to convict; enough evidence, however, was given to prove <a href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,176953,00.html">the president was untrustworthy</a>, which was her overall main point. She was not the only one who believed in this, which led to Nixon's resignation from office portrayed below in figure 1.</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><img src="http://nixon.archives.gov/virtuallibrary/images/E3386c-35.jpg" alt="President Nixon leaving the White House" /></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><br /></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><br />Figure 1. Nixon, Richard. "Nixon leaving the white house" August 9, 1974. Nixonarchives.gov. 5 Oct. 2010</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><br /></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; ">Boiling it down to the basics, Jordan wanted an impeachment, whether she flat out said it or not. She presented this to the chairmen in a non-forceful but extremely effective manner. Smooth transitions, varying levels of implications, and a climax in an informative speech placed it appropriately in America’s top 100 speeches. Although Nixon was never technically impeached, he was well on his way. If there were any uncertain ears in Barbara Jordan’s audience, they were no longer so after her speech. </span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; ">Work Cited</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; ">Jordan, Barbara Charline "Statement on the Articles of Impeachment". 25 July 1974. <i>American Rhetoric</i>. Web. 5 Oct. 2010</span></div>JJ Ryanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14194508384521646740noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8826029642940296020.post-3254190725750449452010-10-05T19:09:00.001-07:002010-10-05T23:44:28.141-07:00Franklin Delano Roosevelt: Pearl harbor Address to the NationThere are few pains worse than being betrayed by a friend.<br /><br />On December 7th, 1941, Japan committed that action with the bombing of <a href="http://americanhistory.abc-clio.com/Authentication/LogOn?returnUrl=%2fSearch%2fDisplay%2f295250%3fterms%3dPearl%2bharbor">Pearl Harbor</a> naval base. An attack on a country Japan was up to then at peace with; an attack that claimed over 2,000 lives. The whole country was shocked, and waited to hear from the president. The next day Franklin Delano Roosevelt addressed the nation with his sympathy, and plans for action. Addressing Congress and the nation FDR reviewed the offenses Japan had recently launched, and said, “Since the unprovoked and dastardly attack by Japan on Sunday, December 7th, 1941, a state of war has existed between the United States and the Japanese empire” verifying the daunting realization that America was at war.<br /><br /><object width="480" height="385"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/ufoUtoQLGQY?fs=1&hl=en_US"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/ufoUtoQLGQY?fs=1&hl=en_US" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="385"></embed></object><br />Figure 1 Roosevelt, Franklin Delano. "Pearl Harbor Address to the Nation." 8 December 1941.<br /><br /><br /><br />Roosevelt’s speech in response to the attack was bold and direct. He stood in front of congress with the confidence he had the support of the nation. He states, “The people of the United States have already formed their opinions”; they had no choice but to act. The speech strengthened Americans patriotism, and affirmed America’s participation in World War II. Throughout the speech Roosevelt spoke with the same confidence illustrated in that quote; giving the speech a comforting tone. He used that tone to reassure the trust and gain the support of every American, which was essential for the United States victory.<br /><br />In harmony with his confident tone, FDR reinstated multiple times that the attacks were premeditated. He began his speech with a sentence including that “America was suddenly and deliberately attacked”. By portraying that the attacks were planed out days ahead, Roosevelt was able to increase the disdain the American people felt toward Japan. FDR effectively notified the nation that Japan was then an enemy, and America’s security was at risk. Keeping the same tone, he assures America that the US Army and the determination of the people will gain the inevitable triumph.<br /><br />The speech was well written and direct. Roosevelt clearly demonstrated his stance of declaring war on Japan to Congress and the nation. Knowing he had both the support of the representatives and civilians. His confident tone motivated the American people to take action toward Japan. World War II has since become regarded as the most important war America had experienced. In the beginning, WWII boosted the economy out of The Great Depression, but like all wars ended with great loss of life. Franklin’s “Pearl Harbor Address to the Nation” was composed at the start of it all, and is one of history’s most significant speeches. Roosevelt’s speech is ranked the <a href="http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/fdrpearlharbor.htm">4th most important speech </a>of the 20th century on <a href="http://www.americanrhetoric.com/">American Rhetoric</a>. A fair placement for a symbol of --a date which will live in infamy--<br /><br />Works Cited<br /><br />Roosevelt, Franklin Delano. "Pearl Harbor Address to the Nation." 8 December 1941.<br />Roosevelt, Franklin Delano. "Pearl Harbor Address to the Nation." . 8 December 1941.<br />American Rhetoric. Web. 5 Oct. 2010.<br /><br />Works Consulted<br /><br />"Pearl Harbor attack." American History. ABC-CLIO, 2010. Web. 5 Oct. 2010. <http:>Matt Ronchettihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11489536294872571330noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8826029642940296020.post-50456603234316028012010-10-05T19:09:00.000-07:002010-10-05T19:56:38.619-07:00<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOx-DhuSo2WMbL01RCRMmzeSYWKAnh3J80YwKpXL87XnvpCpCCBifw0qVqFb25qtSgWKsZJFHgei37pkf3ie487XMbxXEXm2AZcBVFG8Mn6kgxIgIhw_3uE_yvPJ-EyaKUUaUcyNSB9Q0/s1600/Kennedy+assassination.jpg"><img style="float:right; margin:0 0 10px 10px;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 243px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOx-DhuSo2WMbL01RCRMmzeSYWKAnh3J80YwKpXL87XnvpCpCCBifw0qVqFb25qtSgWKsZJFHgei37pkf3ie487XMbxXEXm2AZcBVFG8Mn6kgxIgIhw_3uE_yvPJ-EyaKUUaUcyNSB9Q0/s320/Kennedy+assassination.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5524757500859046514" /></a><br /><br /><br />After midnight, on June 5, 1968, Robert Francis Kennedy, brother of John F. Kennedy, was assassinated by Sirhan Sirhan at the Ambassador Hotel after having won California’s Democratic presidential primary. During this period of time, the secret service was only responsible for protecting presidents, not presidential candidates; therefore, Kennedy was left vulnerable. Figure 1 shows how Kennedy fell to the ground after being shot in the head, neck, and chest. Approximately twenty-six hours later, Kennedy died at Good Samaritan Hospital. Sirhan was convicted of murder and was sentenced to life in prison. On June 8, 1968, Edward M. Kennedy gave the eulogy at his brother’s funeral. He addressed the public as they mourned Robert F. Kennedy’s death. In delivering the eulogy, Edward M. Kennedy demonstrates strength in his ability to comfort the public; while also displaying emotion as he, too, mourns the death of his brother. Through describing what Robert was like, and through Robert’s own words, Edward Kennedy is able to comfort the public by establishing a new sense of hope.Figure 2 shows Edward Kennedy delivering the eulogy before family, friends, and the entire nation. Although delivered more than forty years ago, what makes Edward M. Kennedy’s speech memorable, significant, and successful is how he is able to comfort his audience through his words, his displays of emotion, and the way his speech makes the public relate to the tragedy. <br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhItKthYLDAnSmvOg8PGZLrosGugeHhnFDjzTLMGuLPydePyZNswLNkA8jEIa2Mpz03SY-gF46KYoG_xq9w_CBzph_CR5i4G0yWc2npBC5iN8GlVseCQP2mdkv8hkipNS5mRhIspefcg5w/s1600/eulogy.jpeg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 300px; height: 200px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhItKthYLDAnSmvOg8PGZLrosGugeHhnFDjzTLMGuLPydePyZNswLNkA8jEIa2Mpz03SY-gF46KYoG_xq9w_CBzph_CR5i4G0yWc2npBC5iN8GlVseCQP2mdkv8hkipNS5mRhIspefcg5w/s320/eulogy.jpeg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5524758097542471778" /></a><br />Kennedy’s ability to comfort through his eulogy at a time of loss and mourning makes his speech significant to audiences. According to Kennedy, “He will always be by our side,” by leaving the people “what he said, what he did, and what he stood for.” In stating this, Kennedy comforts those around him by explaining that Robert Kennedy’s plans and accomplishments for society would long out live him. In closing Robert Kennedy’s eulogy, Edward Kennedy asks the audience to “pray that what he was to us and what he wished for others will some day come to pass for all the world.” Kennedy creates a new sense of hope in people by calling his audience to action to fulfill Robert Kennedy’s plans for society despite his loss.<br /><br /><br />Kennedy’s display of emotion in the delivery of his speech gives the eulogy deeper meaning. While Kennedy expresses, “We loved him as a brother, and as a father, and as a son. From his parents and from his older brothers and sisters -- Joe and Kathleen and Jack -- he received an inspiration which he passed on to all of us,” as well as other personal information, a quiver in his voice is heard. Clearly, he tries to hold back tears in attempt to remain strong in his delivery of the eulogy. However, the fact that this quiver in his voice is heard from time to time throughout the speech, it gives the eulogy more meaning by establishing the tone of mourning compared to being a celebration of Robert Kennedy’s accomplishments in life. <br /><br /><br />The greater significance of the eulogy comes in the form of Kennedy delivering it in a way that made the tragedy relatable to the public. The eulogy is not just addressed to the family of Robert F. Kennedy. Kennedy declares, “On behalf of Mrs. Kennedy, her children, the parents and sisters of Robert Kennedy, I want to express what we feel to those who mourn with us today in this Cathedral and around the world.” From the opening of his speech, he addresses his audience before him in the cathedral and those around the nation watching or hearing the speech be delivered from their home. In addition, through addressing the family and the public, he states how they are all mourning the loss of Robert Kennedy together. As in stating, “He gave us strength in time of trouble, wisdom in time of uncertainty, and sharing in time of happiness. He will always be by our side,” Kennedy uses pronouns such as “us” and “our” to relate what Robert Kennedy did for people to his entire audience. Further in his speech, Kennedy goes on to explain what the public knew Robert Kennedy as having done for them; thus, he made it more apparent as to why his brother’s death was a great loss to all. By describing what Robert Kennedy did for society throughout his lifetime, Edward Kennedy establishes a everyman persona for his brother by explaining, “My brother need not be idealized, or enlarged in death beyond what he was in life; to be remembered simply as a good and decent man, who saw wrong and tried to right it, saw suffering and tried to heal it, saw war and tried to stop it.” Therefore, he also accomplishes to make Robert Kennedy relatable as a person to the public.<br /> <br /><br />Overall, although being a well written speech, the greater significance of the eulogy comes as a whole; through its delivery and its content. Edward Kennedy’s eulogy speech is successful due to the fact that he addressed society as a whole. Also, in displaying his emotions, he said something real; he spoke from the heart. When necessary, his confidence and strength allowed him to put aside his own pain and mourning in order to accomplish comforting others and providing them with hope of what would be rather than what could’ve been.<br /><br /><br />Work Cited<br /><br />Kennedy, Edward M. "Address at the Public Memorial Service for Robert F.<br /> Kennedy." American Rhetoric. Michael E. Eidenmuller, n.d. Web. 5 Oct. 2010.<br /> <http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/ekennedytributetorfk.html>. <br /><br /><br />Works Consulted<br /><br />Simkin, John. "Robert F. Kennedy: Biography." Spartacus Educational. N.p., n.d.<br /> Web. 5 Oct. 2010. <http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/<br /> USAkennedyR.htm>.dcahuehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18077839951431896485noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8826029642940296020.post-41206798852004041872010-10-05T19:06:00.001-07:002010-10-05T20:00:29.144-07:00John F. Kennedy’s “Ich bin ein Berliner” Analysis<span xmlns=""><span style="color:black;">Americans have always learned about the splitting of Germany between the Allies (US, France, and England) and the Soviet Union. The Allies were given West Germany and the Soviet Union, East. The only problem with the Soviets having East Germany was that housed in this portion of the country was Germany's capital, Berlin. The Allies and the Soviets came to an agreement to also split the city in two. The Soviets used this to their power by cutting off all ground access to West Berlin, the only way to reach it was through the air. Life in East Berlin was horrible, people were forced to live lives they didn't want and there was nothing that they could do but take a risk and cross the border to West Berlin. The Soviets eventually realized this and decided to take action. On August 13, 1961 a wall was built, known as the </span><a href="http://www.dailysoft.com/berlinwall/history/why-the-berlinwall-was-built.htm">Berlin Wall</a><span style="color:black;">, which would change the dynamic of the people of Berlin and life as they knew it. Although around 5,000 people successfully climbed the wall and escaped to freedom, there were many people who became trapped in East Berlin. On June 26<sup>th</sup>, 1963 in front of Berlin's town hall JFK gave one of the most defining speeches of the Cold War.<br /></span><div><br /><p><span style="color:black;">At the beginning of the speech he gives a shout-out to both Germany's Chancellor and Berlin's Mayor for keeping the spirit and faith of having a democracy in Germany's near future. He continues with a confident tone in his voice throughout the speech. This speech was not only used as a way to threaten the Soviets but, instill confidence and unify the people of East Berlin. Kennedy reinforced his views on the problem at hand and by almost constantly repeating himself with the words "let them come to Berlin." By doing this, with snippets about the communist believers in between, Kennedy is able to use Berlin as an example to the world that communism is not the answer. Through telling communist followers to come to Berlin and witness first-hand the affects that communism can have on a country he is bringing a realization to the world that democracy compared to communism is a much better option. Kennedy reassured his audience (Fig. 1) that democracy wasn't perfect but was a much better upon saying that, "Freedom has many difficulties and democracy is not perfect. But we have never had to put a wall up to keep our people in -- to prevent them from leaving us." Kennedy not only reassured the German's by using America as an example, but connected with them by speaking to them in their own language.</span><br /></p><br /><p><img style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 295px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: 290px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5524762363778656018" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjys7JuDK3Taz-DSid8UNHU2XkZQ-mcEjhHxQabV133JyI03EgJmAnc12SDYjOffrMOO1UzlS5hWBY3pxKvQBJGvILsy7vGEK5OBA3E-Z1sNzYy26gK_PPpBTHW55ulPO29kIUjtPQHzkqX/s320/kennedy+giving+his+ich+bin+ein+berliner+speech.jpg" /><span style="color:black;">Figure 1. John F. Kennedy gives his "Ich bin ein Berliner" speech in Rudolph Wilde Platz. 26 June 1963. Jfklibrary.com. 5 October 2010.<br /></span><span style="color:black;"></span></p><p><span style="color:black;">"</span><a href="http://americanrhetoric.com/speeches/jfkberliner.html">Ich bin ein Berliner</a><span style="color:black;">," the four simple, yet famous words that Kennedy used to convince a country that he had their backs. Through going out of his way and speaking to the people in their own language Kennedy was able to connect with the German's on a deeper level. Kennedy said two phrases in German throughout his brief speech, but he spoke German several times. He used his words to build his speech to a climax and then spoke in German causing great reactions from the crowd. An example of this was his use of the phrase "let them come to Berlin" which after repeating three times in English, he repeated it once more in German, and then once again in English. Through finally saying the German translation "Lass' sie nach Berlin kommen ", Kennedy was able to connect with the people of West Berlin. He was able to unite them as one and make them an unstoppable force to be reckoned with. With Kennedy's word of confidence and comfort the people of West Berlin were unstoppable. While giving this speech Kennedy was able to unify and reassure the people of Berliner that one day communism would be no more.<br /></span></p><br /><p><span style="color:black;">Kennedy's speech overall was very effective. He was able to not only instill confidence in the Germans that they would overcome and eventually have their own democracy, but he was able to instill fear in the communists. This speech was one of the turning points of the Cold War. Sadly almost five months later in November of 1963 Kennedy was assassinated. After his assassination the plaza in which he gave this world changing speech officially had its name changed from Rudolph Wilde Platz to John F. Kennedy Platz where the confidence and spirit of this great speech will forever live on.<br /></span></p><br /><p><br /></p><br /><p><span style="color:black;">Work Cited:<br /></span></p><br /><p><span style="color:#222222;">Kennedy, John F. "Ich bin ein Berliner." <em>American Rhetoric</em>. N.p., 26 June 1963. Web. 5 Oct. 2010.<br /></span></p><br /><p><span style="color:#222222;">Work Consulted:<br /></span></p><br /><p>"The Cold War in Berlin." <em>Historical Reasources</em>. John F. Kennedy Presidential Library & Mueseum, n.d. Web. 5 Oct. 2010.<span style="color:#222222;"><br /></span></p><br /><p><br /></p><br /><p><span style="color:black;"><br /></span></p></span></div>Karolynhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15194014834613307201noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8826029642940296020.post-73762635400163823902010-10-05T18:55:00.001-07:002010-10-05T19:45:52.499-07:00"I've Been to the Mountaintop" Speech AnalysisDuring the 1960s, the fight for racial equality began to really pick up speed. During this time, racism was a growing problem that was creating uproars through hate crimes, and violent protests. On April 3, 1968 in Memphis Tennessee, Martin Luther King Jr. (figure 1) gave a moving speech about the unfortunate reality of society. He was able to convey his powerful message of peace by using metaphors and different analogies that people could easily relate to. Not only did Dr. Kings “<a href="http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/mlkivebeentothemountaintop.htm">I’ve Been to the Mountain Top</a>” speech lead to the gradual acceptance of African Americans in what was during that time an all white society, but it gave new freedoms to those who were once discriminated against.<br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVQoAfDn2ykzjUdW1TV5WMoXGyC66m9n8Ey4trFkHmhMGQdggfqIzjYH7TpmuCmAVvX-m03C_1p3o_kB1CXAW5NkOibbpOna-HHEk1eEU1CBcUHc3PYkXMkcsYDVfe0vQCpgpw_nx1Ld4/s1600/MLK.JPG"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 216px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVQoAfDn2ykzjUdW1TV5WMoXGyC66m9n8Ey4trFkHmhMGQdggfqIzjYH7TpmuCmAVvX-m03C_1p3o_kB1CXAW5NkOibbpOna-HHEk1eEU1CBcUHc3PYkXMkcsYDVfe0vQCpgpw_nx1Ld4/s320/MLK.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5524747622022432162" border="0" /></a> Figure 1. Martin Luther King giving his "I've Been to the Mountaintop" speech. Photograph. 3 April. 1968 Web. 5 Oct. 2010<br /><br /><br /><br /> Upon starting his speech, Dr. King immediately dives into the issues that he planned on addressing. He explains his picture-perfect America by using metaphors such as, “I would take my mental flight by Egypt and I would watch God's children in their magnificent trek from the dark dungeons of Egypt through, or rather across the Red Sea, through the wilderness on toward the promise land. And in spite of its magnificence, I wouldn't stop there.” Martin Luther King wants to convey that he has strong hope for America to change their <a href="http://www.cyberlearning-world.com/nhhs/project/racism6.htm">prejudicial</a> ways. He believes that with the help of everyone in their local communities, we can all come together to obtain equality for people of all races. Dr. King uses an abundance of poetic techniques throughout his speech. His repetitive phrase, “If I had sneezed” (King 1) gives his speech personal style while conveying his metaphor for death. Since death is a very common occurrence in peoples’ lives, Dr. King was able to relate himself and his personal memories to the memories of others.<br /> <br />Dr. King uses his own life experiences in order to get on a more personal level with his audience. He discusses visions of what an ideal America used to look like, “I can remember when Negroes were just going around as Ralph has said, so often, scratching where they didn't itch, and laughing when they were not tickled. But that day is all over” (King 1). Martin Luther King Jr. also reflects on other historically famous speeches such as Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s inaugural speech when he stated, “We have nothing to fear but fear itself” (King 1). By addressing FDR’s speech, Martin Luther king Jr. has provided himself with a very strong and reliable source. He is showing other Americans that not only is he educated in the history of US politics, but also that he is no different than anybody else. He strives to portray the poster image for social equality in society by mentioning such things such as, “We are saying -- We are saying that we are God's children. And that we are God's children; we don't have to live like we are forced to live.” His reference to God builds a more private relationship with his audience. By mentioning such an important figure in Christianity, Dr. King is also able to reach a much broader spectrum of people. By emphasizing the pronoun, “we”, Dr. King reiterates the message that all men are created equal as stated in the US Constitution.<br /> <br />The speech is effective in the sense that Dr. King was able to grab the audiences’ attention by using everyday scenarios as well as in depth metaphors in order to get his message across. His powerful words led to an increase of freedoms for the African American community and tolerance for all Americans. Dr. King’s outstanding public speaking ability and nonviolent persona has influenced the US to celebrate the differences in humanity.<br /><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">Works Cited<br /><div style="text-align: left;">King, Martin Luther. "I've Been to the Mountaintop." Memphis, Tennessee. 3 April 1968. <span style="font-style: italic;">American Rhetoric</span>. Web. 5 Oct. 2010.<br /><br /><br />Flaherty, Benjamin, Jeff Seidman, and Marshall McLelland. Cyberlearning-world. 1991. Web. 5 Oct. 2010.<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">Works Consulted<br />"Martin Luther King - Biography." Nobelprize.org. Web. 05 Oct. 2010. <http://nobelprize.org/>.<br /><br /></div><br /><br /><br /><br /></div></div>Mike McLenighanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09930166972679755442noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8826029642940296020.post-70480336309931979622010-10-05T18:48:00.001-07:002010-10-05T19:28:55.024-07:00John F. Kennedy: Ich bin ein Berliner<img style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: 242px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5524753512382245570" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMRFmzIewwlye6OpFkVBsx9bvGYC29ytE-lICb5oIDa29yVltJ5DKmcU4ad7oOLiC4YnC1g54JEd1H8G-pNKxrmBpNTUUDup3l272hqPxOdXYh_yMMpcbrkKHibIZpbSF-ex1I_2DaT2bx/s320/jfk+berlin.bmp" /><br /><div><span xmlns="">Fig. 1. 19 May 2008 (The Times).<br /><p><span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:12;">"Let them come to Berlin." This famous line used in <a href="http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/jfkberliner.html">John F. Kennedy's speech</a> to West Berlin, in 1963, is a response to those that believe that communism and democracy can coexist in the world. However, West Berlin is direct proof that the chance for freedom can and will win out over communism, as it is impossible for the two to manage together peacefully in the world. Berlin demonstrated this notion during the Berlin Crisis. The communistic country of the Soviet Union tried to starve the American sector of Berlin into becoming communists by disallowing food and supplies to reach Berlin. America then proceeded to airlift supplies to West Berlin. Although the West Berliners were skeptical of America's intentions at first, the chance for freedom became more important than food or supplies. John F. Kennedy's speech delivered to West Berlin not only commemorated the Berliners on their fight over communism but also inspired his audience to put an end to communism in all parts of the world. Kennedy's passionate tone and his ability to connect with his audience influenced the Berliners and nations to hope for a free world without the constraints of communism. </span><br /></p><p><span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:12;">Kennedy successfully captures the attention of his audience in his first paragraph by the use of words such as: "proud," "distinguished," "fighting spirit," "democracy," "freedom," and "progress." These words automatically instill the feeling of honor among the Berliners. Kennedy is able to demonstrate his respectful stance towards the Berliners through these strong words. Kennedy also reaches his audience by the phrase, "…to come here in the company of my fellow American, General Clay, who has been in this city during its great moments of crisis and will come again if ever needed." General Clay had been the administrator in Germany during the Berlin Crisis and helped to make the Berlin Airlift possible while encouraging Berlin's fight for democracy. Kennedy was successful in connecting with his audience through the mention of Clay because most of his audience lived during the <a href="http://thecandybombers.com/">Berlin Airlift</a> and think very highly of Clay and his role in Berlin's deliverance. As a result of these techniques, the Berliners received Kennedy and his ideas about communism and democracy much more readily.<br /></span></p><br /><p><span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:12;">Kennedy's response, "Let them come to Berlin," to different communist theories about society demonstrates his passionate and inspirational tone. By this phrase, he commemorates West Berlin on its achievement over thwarting communism. Kennedy's purpose during this part of his speech is to inspire other countries to fight communism. For those that doubt a world without communism, they need only to come to Berlin to witness the effects of communism and the power of democratic spirits. </span></p><p><span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:12;">Towards the end of his speech, Kennedy connects Berlin's situation to the situation of the rest of the world. He highlights Berlin as a prime example of a city currently divided by the oppressions of communism, by a wall dividing the East and West divisions, but argues that Berlin and the rest of the world should not give up hope for a free world. His passionate tone fills reader and listener alike with feelings of freedom and the need to change the world for the better, to rid the world of communism.<br /></p></span><br /><p><span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:12;">John F. Kennedy's speech, Ich bin ein Berliner, successfully inspires the audience to embrace democracy to its fullest. To beat communism would be the greatest achievement of all for the world, but to be a Berliner is to be the model for the free world.<br /></span></p><br /><p><br /></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; BACKGROUND: #fff9ee"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="font-size:12;"><br /><span style="color:#222222;">Work Cited</span></span><span style="font-size:11;"><br /></span></span></p><br /><p style="BACKGROUND: #fff9ee"><span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11;color:#222222;">Kennedy, John Fitzgerald. "Ich bin ein Berliner." West Berlin, Germany. 26 June<br />1963. <em>American Rhetoric</em>. Web. 1 Oct. 2010.<br /></span></p><br /><p style="BACKGROUND: #fff9ee"><br /></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; BACKGROUND: #fff9ee"><span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11;color:#222222;">Work Consulted<br /></span></p><br /><p style="BACKGROUND: #fff9ee"><span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11;color:#222222;">Cherny, Andrei. <em>The Candy Bombers: the Untold Story of the Berlin Airlift and America's Finest Hour</em>." New York: Penguin Group, 2008. Print.<br /></span></p><br /><p><br /></p><br /><p><br /></p><br /><p><span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:12;"><br /></span></p></span></div>Clairehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14912953187322050103noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8826029642940296020.post-33479152736463769662010-10-05T18:41:00.000-07:002010-10-05T19:42:24.885-07:00"The Four Freedoms"In 1940, war was raging in Europe and the U.S. was heavily considering getting involved; its allies were being attacked and freedom and democracy were being threatened. This was the hotly debated issue when it came time for President Roosevelt to give his <a href="http://http//americanrhetoric.com/speeches/fdrthefourfreedoms.htm">State of the Union address</a>, as seen in Figure 1. In the address commonly known as FDR’s “Four Freedoms” speech, he accomplishes his purpose of inspiring the nation to go to war through patriotic appeal and by emphasizing his points through the use of repetition.<br /><br /><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_EFSajvwiZUQ/TKveM25ncGI/AAAAAAAAAAc/PgMF6NyKHAk/s1600/fdrin1936wapostphoto.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5524753680377016418" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 247px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_EFSajvwiZUQ/TKveM25ncGI/AAAAAAAAAAc/PgMF6NyKHAk/s320/fdrin1936wapostphoto.jpg" border="0" /></a><br />Figure 1. "Franklin D. Roosevelt." 6 January 1941. Photograph. American Rhetoric. 5 Oct. 2010<br /><br />FDR receives applause numerous times during the address, most often at patriotic moments. This shows that the people in Congress are supportive of him in his efforts to inspire the American people to also support joining the war. When FDR describes the kind of tyranny that the Nazis are setting up in Europe and Asia, he states that “The American people have unalterably set their faces against that tyranny,” and goes further to say that those in charge of the Nazi movement are seeking, or will eventually, to “clip the wings of the American eagle in order to feather their own nests.” In doing so, he makes a powerful appeal to American patriotism. As he concludes the address, FDR espouses four basic freedoms that he argues should be had by everyone—“everywhere in the world”: the freedoms of speech and worship, already guaranteed to Americans by the Constitution, and freedom from both want and fear. These ideas ring true with the American mindset that “all men are created equal,” making for another hard-hitting patriotic appeal.<br /><br />FDR’s use of repetition in his speeches is one of the reasons he is regarded in the nation’s history as an excellent public speaker. While discussing the necessity of sending aid to European nations under assault by Nazi forces, he lists three components of U.S. foreign policy, all of which defend his sending of supplies to Europe. They are that America is committed to an all-inclusive national defense, to support any nation who defends its freedom by not submitting to dictatorship, and that America will not submit to dictatorship in the name of peace. He precedes each with the phrase “by an impressive expression of the public will and without regard to partisanship.” By doing so, he both clearly states that Americans in general, regardless of political party, support these policies—another evocation of patriotism—and subtly implies that each one carries equal importance and worth, further increasing the worth of the whole. In mentioning each of the four freedoms, FDR contends that it should be had “everywhere” or “anywhere in the world.” This tactic helps accomplish his goal because it causes his listeners to think of how these freedoms, many if not all of which they themselves have, are being threatened overseas by the Nazis.<br /><br />The “Four Freedoms” speech is successful in rallying the American people to join the war effort in Europe. Normal Rockwell immortalized the speech by making four paintings, each dedicated to one of the four freedoms and all used as a visual tool to advocate buying war bonds, which were essentially IOUs to the Federal government, the money from which would be used to create supplies for the European nations. Thanks in part to President Roosevelt’s timely rally cry to war, the Allies were able to defeat the Nazi oppression.<br /><br />Work Cited<br /><br />Roosevelt, Franklin D. “The Four Freedoms.” <em>American Rhetoric</em>. N.p., 6 January 1941. Web. 5 Oct. 2010.<br /><br />Work Consulted<br /><br />Kratz, Jessie. "<a href="http://www.archives.gov/press/press-releases/2005/nr05-35.html">Special Display Of State Of The Union Addresses For Press Only</a>." <em>National Archives</em>. N.p., 26 Jan. 2005. Web. 5 Oct. 2010.Ethan McCallisterhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12332275524466487876noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8826029642940296020.post-2654291518105442482010-10-05T18:26:00.001-07:002010-10-05T18:45:21.079-07:00John F. Kennedy’s “Address to the Greater Houston Ministerial Association” AnalysisIn the 1960 presidential election, Richard Nixon vs. John F. Kennedy (figure 1), Kennedy was first to be nominated in the first ballot. However, because he was a Catholic John Kennedy had doubts about his ability to win the election. On September 12, 1960, at Rice Hotel in Houston, Texas John F. Kennedy addressed the Houston Ministerial Association he states that "not what kind is church I believe in, for that should be important only to me-but what kind of America I believe in." Kennedy expressed to the audience that he was for the separation of church and state, and that the Constitution was above the dictates of the church when it comes to politics. Being a certain religion should not affect a person's ability to win the presidential election, they should be judged on their capability of being a good leader for our country.<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://www.goddiscussion.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/JFK.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 330px; height: 255px;" src="http://www.goddiscussion.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/JFK.jpg" border="0" alt="" /></a><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div> <div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;">Figure 1: "John F. Kennedy: Address to the Greater Houston Ministerial Association" Sept. 12.1960. American Rhetoric. Web. 5 October 2010</div><br /><br /><br />"I believe in an America…," Kennedy uses these words repeatedly throughout his speech to emphasize his beliefs on how America should be. He says "The real issues in the campaign have been obscured perhaps deliberately." The issues he addresses are the spread of Communist, treatment of President and Vice President by people who don't respect their power, and people living in poverty; the campaign should be decided on these issues not religion. JFK makes a connection to his audience by addressing the fact that next it might be their personal religion that the finger of suspicion is pointed at. Kennedy points out that the President should be able to fulfill anything his office requires of him; and whose fulfillment of his office is not limited or conditioned by any religious oath, ritual, or obligation. He makes a personal connection by announcing his involvement in the war in the South Pacific and his brother dying for our country in Europe. This is the kind of America that our forefathers died for; they fled to our country to escape religious test that denied office to members of less favored churches. He quotes, "the freedoms for which our forefathers died."<br /><br />Kennedy clearly states that he wants to be judged on his fourteen years in the Congress, stands against an Ambassador to the Vatican, against unconstitutional aid to parochial schools and against any boycotting in schools. Any decisions JFK makes will be from the best judgment of him as a President not as a Catholic. The decision Issues on birth control, divorce, gambling, or any other subject will be made in accordance of the nation's interest. However, a Catholic may believe this is impossible to do because of their beliefs. If he should lose the election after being judged fairly he shall return to his seat in the Senate.<br /><br />JFK closes his speech by stating his oath, "I solemnly swear that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States, and will to my best ability preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution, so help me God." Overall Kennedy's address to the Greater Houston Ministerial Association was a success. He successfully emphasize that his religion will not get in the way of making decisions when it comes to the issues we have in America.<br /><br /><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">Work Cited</div><br />Kennedy, F. John. "Address to the Greater Houston Ministerial Association." American Rhetoric. N.P., Sept. 12.1960. Web. 5 October 2010<br /><br /><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">Work Consulted</div><br />Li, Chien-Pin. "1960: The Road To Camelot." www.kennesaw.edu. Ed. Chien-Pin Li. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 Oct. 2010.Shani Brasshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14586497343153630240noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8826029642940296020.post-72580602361026792642010-10-05T18:17:00.000-07:002010-10-05T18:43:31.579-07:00Day of Infamy<span style="font-family:arial;">December 7th, 1941 will remain forever in the minds of millions of people. On that day the Japanese naval and air forces deliberately attacked the United States’ navy base at</span><a style="font-family: arial;" href="http://www.pearl-harbor.com/"> Pearl Harbor</a><span style="font-family:arial;">. The first wave of Japanese came at 7:53 in the morning. The second wave at 8:55 and by 9:55 it was all over. By 1:00 all the planes were flying back to Japan and the lives of millions changed. The Japanese killed 2,403, destroyed almost 200 planes and crippled the Pacific Fleet. The next day President Franklin D. Roosevelt </span><a style="font-family: arial;" href="http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/fdrpearlharbor.htm">addressed the nation</a><span style="font-family:arial;"> with the sole purpose of declaring war.</span><br /><br /><div style="text-align: left; font-family: arial;">After Roosevelt states who his audience is by saying “Mr. Vice President, Mr. Speaker, Members of the Senate, and of the House of Representatives”, he goes right into his speech. He states that “December 7th, 1941 -- a date which will live in infamy –“, which tells congress that what President Roosevelt is about say about the event that took place the day before is going to be really important. He goes on and discusses how “It will be recorded that the distance of Hawaii from Japan makes it obvious that the attack was deliberately planned many days or even weeks ago”, this shows congress that the Japanese took their time to plan out these attacks as to make it as ‘unnoticeable’ as possible. Former President Roosevelt is shown addressing the congress in Figure 1.<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_OsXcDBlif7E/TKvPBXEnO5I/AAAAAAAAAA4/deNGQSRwV3A/s1600/fdrwarspeech2.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 332px; height: 176px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_OsXcDBlif7E/TKvPBXEnO5I/AAAAAAAAAA4/deNGQSRwV3A/s200/fdrwarspeech2.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5524736990180227986" border="0" /></a><span>Figure 1. Franklin Roosevelt giving Pear Harbor Speech. Photograph. 8 December. 1941 <em> </em>Web. 5 Oct. 2010</span><br /><br /></div><span style="font-family:arial;">Further into the speech Roosevelt discusses the other attacks that happened the day before. “Yesterday, the Japanese government also launched an attack against Malaya. Last night, Japanese forces attacked Hong Kong. Last night, Japanese forces attacked Guam. Last night, Japanese forces attacked the Philippine Islands. Last night, the Japanese attacked Wake Island. And this morning, the Japanese attacked Midway Island”, he words it in such a manner to inform congress that we were not the only ones who were deliberately attacked and that we need to do something quick. Not only was Roosevelt addressing congress, he was also addressing the people who were tuning in to hear him. Roosevelt was trying to calm the American people by telling them “No matter how long it may take us to overcome this premeditated invasion, the American people in their righteous might will win through to absolute victory.” Roosevelt also wants to bring the Japanese to justice like everyone else</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial;">Towards the end of the speech Roosevelt describes his plan to declare war on Japan. He states “I believe that I interpret the will of the Congress and of the people when I assert that we will not only defend ourselves to the uttermost, but will make it very certain that this form of treachery shall never again endanger us”, this tells not only congress and the American people but also the Japanese that we are going to do something about the attacks and the Japanese better watch out. He also explains that “Hostilities exist. There is no blinking at the fact that our people, our territory, and our interests are in grave danger”, he is saying that Japan has hurt our country terribly but we will fight back without hesitation.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial;">“I ask that the Congress declare that since the unprovoked and dastardly attack by Japan on Sunday, December 7th, 1941, a state of war has existed between the United States and the Japanese empire”, Roosevelt persuades congress to declare war on the Japanese so we can protect our nation. This all happened due to the fact that Roosevelt knew what he was talking about and made sure he used the right words to get the nation hyped up. When Roosevelt is finished delivering everyone gives his a standing ovation and cheer. (Figure 2)</span><br /><object width="480" height="385"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/9uCGxk-v-Mc?fs=1&hl=en_US"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/9uCGxk-v-Mc?fs=1&hl=en_US" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="385"></embed></object><br /><span style="font-family:arial;">Figure <span style="font-family:arial;">1. Roosevelt, Franklin. "Day of Infamy Speech" Speech. 8 December 1941. Youtube. 5 October 2010.</span></span><br /><div style="text-align: center; font-family: arial;"><br /><br /><br /><br />Works Cited<br /><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family:arial;">Roosevelt, Franklin Delano. "Pearl Harbor Address to the Nation." . 8 December 1941.</span><br /><span style="font-family:arial;"><em>American Rhetoric</em>. Web. 5 Oct. 2010.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial;"><br /><br />Works Consulted</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial;">"Attack at Pearl Harbor, 1941." </span><i style="font-family: arial;">EyeWitness to History</i><span style="font-family:arial;">. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 Oct. </span><br /><span style="font-family:arial;"> 2010.</span></div>Kimberly Stickleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16784535048744450589noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8826029642940296020.post-18172220660529940932010-10-05T18:12:00.001-07:002010-10-05T18:49:48.452-07:00Ronald Reagan’s “The Space Shuttle ‘Challenger’ Tragedy Address” Analysis<span xmlns=""><p><span style="font-family:Arial Rounded MT Bold;font-size:14;">On January 28, 1986, the space shuttle Challenger was making its tenth flight into space. This shuttle had a crew of seven including a teacher from the Teachers in Space program. <a href="http://www.history.com/topics/challenger-disaster">Seventy-three seconds after the shuttle was launched</a>, a fire erupted and the shuttle exploded, finally landing in the ocean. President Ronald Reagan had originally planned on speaking on the state of the Union at that time; however, the events of that morning created a new need to address the nation. In President Reagan's "The Space Shuttle 'Challenger' Tragedy Address", his purpose was to address the nation on the issue and offer his condolences to the friends and family of the Challenger Seven who had died that morning while more so encouraging further space exploration to beat the Soviet Union.<br /></span></p><p><br /></p><p><span style="font-family:Arial Rounded MT Bold;font-size:14;">President Reagan establishes at the beginning that "today is a day for mourning and remembering" to show his grief over the tragedy that morning had brought to the American people. His speech was full of compassion for the families of the seven astronauts who had died that morning as he admits that "we cannot bear, as you do, the full impact of this tragedy" (Reagan). Reagan is showing respect for the families by openly admitting he cannot understand completely their loss that morning while still reminding them that "we feel the loss, and we are thinking about you so very much". The nation is brought together during this tragedy while "we mourn their loss as a nation together" (Reagan), reminding everyone that the whole nation knew about the tragedy and was devastated by the accident the "Challenger" had gone through that morning. Reagan is able to meet every need of his audience by informing the nation, showing his own personal grief, and offering an explanation to the school children that "sometimes painful things like this happen. It's all part of the process of exploration and discovery". Figure one is an example of President Reagan's sorrow shown through his solemn tone while giving his speech to the nation, offering his condolences and encouragement.<br /></span></p><object height="385" width="480"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/kD2z-BcMFg0?fs=1&hl=en_US"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/kD2z-BcMFg0?fs=1&hl=en_US" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="385"></embed></object><br /><p><span style="font-family:times new roman;"></span>Fig. 1 Reagan, Ronald. "Ronald Reagan The Space Shuttle 'Challenger' Tragedy Address." Speech. 28 January 1986. Youtube. 5 October 2010.<br /></p><p><span style="font-family:Arial Rounded MT Bold;font-size:14;">The encouragement to further space exploration is prevalent in Reagan's speech, stating "We'll continue our quest in space. There will be more shuttle flights…". He believes "The future doesn't belong to the fainthearted; it belongs to the brave" (Reagan), meaning the United States cannot give up after one incident because "Nothing ends here; our hopes and our journeys continue" (Reagan). President Reagan provides "we are still pioneers"; no one can expect everything to go perfectly every time, giving reason that the United States' space program has to continue. The speech allows the listener to keep their faith in the space program as their president does by stating "I've always had great faith in and respect for our space program. And what happened today does nothing to diminish it" (Reagan). Reagan's wish to have a more advanced and better respected space program than the Soviet Union is apparent. "We don't hide our space program. We don't keep secrets and cover things up. We do it all up front and in public. That's the way freedom is, and we wouldn't change it for a minute" (Reagan). His rather open disapproval of the way the Soviet Union is operating their space program provides information on the issue of space exploration between the United States and the Soviet Union; their <a href="http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/database/article_display.cfm?HHID=510">Space Race</a> is not yet over.<br /></span></p><p><br /></p><p><span style="font-family:Arial Rounded MT Bold;font-size:14;">Reagan successfully meets all of the requirements his speech, and the tragedy, brought to him. He is able to sympathize with the families and friends of the "Challenger Seven" while also bringing the nation together in a time of tragedy. President Reagan reminds the nation "And perhaps we've forgotten the courage of the crew of the shuttle". He wants them remembered as heroes, and so refers to them as such in his speech. While speaking directly to the schoolchildren who were watching the shuttle launch, Reagan comforts them and reassures the nation that space exploration must, and will, continue. The president wants everyone to embrace the same spirit as the "Challenger Seven", "Give me a challenge, and I'll meet it with joy" (Reagan).</span></p><p><span style="font-family:Arial Rounded MT Bold;font-size:7;"></span></p><p align="center"><span style="font-family:Arial Rounded MT Bold;font-size:7;">Works Cited</span></p><p align="center"><span style="font-family:Arial Rounded MT Bold;font-size:7;">Reagan, Ronald. "Space Shuttle 'Challenger' Tragedy Address."<em>American Rhetoric</em>.<em>Np</em>.,28 Jan. 1986.Web.5 Oct. 2010</span></p><p align="center"><span style="font-family:Arial Rounded MT Bold;font-size:7;"></span></p><p align="center"><span style="font-family:Arial Rounded MT Bold;font-size:7;">Works Consulted</span></p><p align="center"><span style="font-family:verdana;">“Challenger Disaster.” History.com. A&E Television Networks, 2010. Web. 5 Oct. 2010. http://www.history.com/topics/challenger-disaster.</span></p><p align="center"><span style="font-family:verdana;"><br />“The Space Race.” Digital History. N.p., 5 Oct. 2010. Web. 5 Oct. 2010. <http: hhid="510">.</span></p></span>Caitlin welkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03432306355927528491noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8826029642940296020.post-16759337451304661632010-10-05T17:41:00.000-07:002010-10-05T17:41:28.438-07:00John F. Kennedy's "Ich bin ein Berliner" Speech Analysis<div style="font-family: inherit;"></div>In 1961, East Berliners became prisoners in their own homes. Post World War II Germany was divided into four occupation zones. As a result, Berlin was split in two. East Berlin was under Russian control while West Berlin was under American, British and French jurisdiction. To prevent Germans in the Soviet side of Berlin (East) from fleeing to the free Western side, a 12 foot-high, 100 mile-long wall was built surrounding East Berlin, separating it from the Western half. This became known as the Berlin Wall. On June 26, 1963, John F. Kennedy (Figure 1) visited West Berlin and delivered the speech "<a href="http://americanrhetoric.com/speeches/jfkberliner.html">Ich bin ein Berliner</a>" (I am a Berliner). Throughout his speech, JFK attacks the Communist system of government and reassures the citizens of Berlin that one day they will be reunited with their Eastern brothers and sisters.<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/vn2VPykLWzDbcxmFiGhPmlqxoALKqooozUeklEoAmDNxdzysE74OEQ-B-ENoiWTvzyYa00lEfxKHIQ2cfPMzdZeLTJv4G-085vbOiT_ukyrqtcmIdw" /></div><br />
<div style="text-align: center;">Figure 1. “John F. Kennedy.” 1963. Photograph. 4umi. Web. 4 Oct 2010.</div><br />
John F. Kennedy uses Berlin as the prime example of the failure of Soviet Russia’s Communist government. This is evident when JFK announces, “The wall is the most obvious and vivid demonstration of the failures of the Communist system”. He then goes to say that not only is the Communist system of government unsuccessful, it is also “an offense against humanity”. It tears families apart and exploits the citizens within. JFK brings this point to light when he claims “there are even a few who say it is true that communism is an evil system, but it permits us to make economic progress”. After JFK makes the claims that “there are some who say”, he follows them up with “Let them come to Berlin”. He does this to amplify the negative effects Communism has on the public. There were a total of 238 confirmed deaths at <a href="http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/revealed-tragic-victims-of-the-berlin-wall-411504.html">the wall</a>. It is estimated that over 1,000 Berliners were killed attempting to escape. JFK compares Communism to the free countries of the world when he states, “Freedom has many difficulties and democracy is not perfect. But we have never had to put a wall up to keep our people in -- to prevent them from leaving us”.<br />
<br />
JFK encourages West Berlin to remain strong when he says "I know of no town, no city, that has been besieged for 18 years that still lives with the vitality and the force, and the hope, and the determination of the city of West Berlin". He lets West Berlin know that they are not alone. Countries across the continent and across the sea have been following their story since the beginning. JFK reassures that Berlin will once again be one great city with the lines, "When all are free, then we look -- can look forward to that day when this city will be joined as one ... When that day finally comes, as it will, the people of West Berlin can take sober satisfaction in the fact that they were in the front lines for almost two decades". Promoting democracy and freedom in Europe is also a strategic move. With essentially the world as his audience, the citizens of West Berlin being his primary, speaking of the evil that is Communism will show that any country that decides to enforce this system of government will not be an ally of the United States and will be frowned upon in society.<br />
<br />
Months before his assassination, John F. Kennedy visited West Berlin and delivered one of the most compelling and inspiring speeches. He shed light on the city of Berlin and revealed the cracks in the Communist system. Berliners cheered and roared when he spoke the words "Ich bin ein Berliner". He made himself one with the people and praised them for their determination throughout their seemingly futile fight against oppression.<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Works Cited</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Kennedy, John Fitzgerald. "Ich bin ein Berliner." West Berlin, Germany. 26 June <br />
1963. <i>American Rhetoric</i>. Web. 1 Oct. 2010.<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Works Consulted</span></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Cohen, Andrew. "Going to the Wall." <i>Ottawa Citizen.</i> 24 June 2008, Final ed., News <br />
sec.: n. pag. <i>eLibrary</i>. Web. 1 Oct. 2010.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> "The Cold War and the Iron Curtain." <i>Frontline</i>. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Oct. <br />
2010.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> "Great Speeches Collection: John F. Kennedy." <i>The History Place</i>. N.p., n.d. Web. <br />
3 Oct. 2010.</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8826029642940296020.post-57902966304906917842010-10-05T17:36:00.001-07:002010-10-05T17:59:32.124-07:00Ronald Reagan’s Challenger Speech Analysis<span xmlns=""><p>On January 28th, 1986, the Space Shuttle Challenger exploded upon takeoff killing astronauts; Michael Smith, Dick Scobee, Judith Resnik, Ronald McNair, Ellison Onizuka, Gregory Jarvis, and school teacher <a href="http://www.solcomhouse.com/spaceshuttle.htm">Sharon Christa McAuliffe</a>. This event was viewed by many, including schoolchildren, who tuned in to watch the takeoff. This unfortunate tragedy called for former President, Ronald Reagan, to address the issue. Reagan answered the call with his famous speech, "Shuttle `Challenger' Disaster Address", which he not only addressed the issue, but he comforted those who viewed it, commemorated the brave astronauts for their service, and encouraged future space quest. Ronald Reagan was candid in delivering the focus of his message, while still exhibiting empathy in his tone.<br /><br />He shows empathy in many aspects of his demeanor. The first and most noticeable sign of empathy in his speech was when he said, "<a href="http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/ronaldreaganchallenger.htm">Nancy and I</a> are pained to the core by the tragedy of the shuttle Challenger." He addresses not only himself, but his wife also, in an attempt to bring the speech on a more personal basis. He then says that, "We share this pain with all off the people of our country." He broadens his viewpoint to cover all Americans, by delivering it this way, he paints himself as a leader and also as a person that feels pain. He goes on to talk about the significance of this accident and how we the American people have never had to experience anything like this in the last 19 years. He is candid when he argues that the challenger seven knew what they were getting into; "But they, the challenger seven, were aware of the dangers". He says this, to show that this event was not completely impossible. Later on in his speech when he says, "We're still pioneers" and "But sometimes painful things like this happen. It's all part of the process of exploration and discovery." He is candid in alluding to the idea that this event is not as devastating as it may seem.<br /></span></p><p><span xmlns=""></p><br /></span><span xmlns=""><br /><br /><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5524729781456106834" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 280px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 319px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihqa9IZFCg0yTNUfs4B5h_f0KIX6_UpqLyN0n3n1ifevl-5ZRsoNqnvFmDGRcxd3VQLe9ys6ngyGW9HfEO9_W5ehiHk3S_jPvf3BKEpvogR3GwvGPBia-l7qCVbGvTQGt846e1ofRGFf4/s320/0557_lg.jpg" border="0" /> <p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center">Figure 1 Ronald Reagan delivering the "Challenger Speech" Photograph. 28 Jan. 1986 <em>Ronald Reagan Library </em>Web. 4 Oct. 2010<br /><br /></p><br /><p>Ronald Reagan states that, "For the families of the seven, we cannot bear, as you do the full impact of this tragedy." He puts himself at the same level as family to show that his sympathy is just as heartfelt as the family of the seven. He goes on to talk about how they, the astronauts, died a brave and courageous death while doing something they love; they died as "pioneers". The nature he used when he expressed his feelings caused him to sound like a chaplain—empathetic yet encouraging. Afterwards, he addresses the youth that were watching; "And I want to say something to the schoolchildren of America who were watching the live coverage of the shuttle's take-off." He acknowledges them because the youth are the next-generation workers of this country. Also by addressing the schoolchildren, he creates a sense of comfort to his audience.<br /><br />The main point of his massage was to offer condolences to those affected by the accident, remind us that this is just part of the process of exploration, and to advocate future space quest. He supported this claim when he said, "We'll continue our quest in space." And also when he says, "Nothing ends here; our hopes and our journeys continue." He goes on to talk about the connection between Sir Francis Drake and the astronauts, to show that their dedication, even though it led to their death, was not in vain. It was a stepping stone for future exploration. Overall, throughout his whole speech he is empathizing with those affected by this event, while still getting his main message across. He indicates that we are pained because of the lost, we recognize the loss, and we will move on from this event and look on toward the future.<br /></p><br /><br /><p align="center">Work Cited<br /></p><p align="left">Reagan, Ronald Wilson. "Challenger Speech." White House. 28 Jan. 1983.<br /><em>American Rhetoric</em>. Web. 4 Oct. 2010.<br /></p><p align="left">Fackelman, Mary Anne "Photograph of Ronald Reagan Delivering the Challenger Speech." 28 Jan. 1986 <em>Ronald Reagan Library Web</em>. 4 Oct. 2010<br /></p><br /><p align="center">Work Consulted<br /></p><br /><p>The British Antarctic Study, et al. "Space Shuttle Challenger." <em>solcomhouse</em>. Ed.<br />Charles Welch. The Ozone Hole Inc, 4 Oct. 2010. Web. 4 Oct. 2010.<br /><http://www.solcomhouse.com/spaceshuttle.htm>.<br /></p><br /><br /><br /><p><br /></p></span>Asherhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11827840604166592230noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8826029642940296020.post-34979103746462125822010-10-05T17:35:00.000-07:002010-10-05T18:01:54.892-07:00Bringing a Nation to WarOn December 8th, 1941, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt faced one of the most difficult situations a leader of a nation could face, bringing the people into a war, and consoling them in the losses brought about by a completely unexpected and violent attack. The public looked to be both reassured at the loss of the Americans in the attack on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor">Pearl Harbor</a> and giving a call to arms by which the American people would fight a long war that would cost many lives. Roosevelt also spoke, primarily to Congress, but with the knowledge that the entire nation would be listening via the radio. His audience was thus broad, yet requiring the same things. Both audiences, the general public and Congress, required the reassurance and support of a leader, as well as a call to arms. In his <a href="http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/fdrpearlharbor.htm">“Pearl Harbor Address to the Nation”</a>, President Roosevelt achieved both of these goals, through both the words he used as well as the method with which he said them.<br /><br />The words and diction that President Roosevelt used were important in bringing the American people into the war. The opening of the speech, which states that the day of Pearl Harbor shall “live in infamy”, does much to show the American people the atrocity of the attack. It also shows that the attacks were very deliberate and planned. This works towards both goals, both consoling the people as well as urging them to see the Japanese attacks as atrocious and that Americans should react as such. The call to arms that Roosevelt is trying to bring about is also evident in the section where he says, “The Japanese government has deliberately sought to deceive the United States.” This is meant to rile up anger amongst Americans, as it also reassures them that America will remain strong. A list of grievances follows in the speech, which shows where attacks have fallen in the last twenty-four hours. This too is meant to rile up anger by further showing the complex planning and training that would be involved in such an operation. The last section of the speech is reassuring as well as being a powerful call to arms. The line "With confidence in our armed forces, with the unbounding determination of our people, we will gain the inevitable triumph -- so help us God" is both a reassurance in the strength of the American people as well as asking them to have confidence themselves and find victory.<br /><br />The method with which the President used were also critical in bringing the American people into the war. He used a slow method of speaking at the beginning of the speech, and maintained that method of speaking throughout the rest of the speech. The speed at which he was speaking was reassuring and supportive of the people. When the time and purpose called for it, however, Roosevelt would raise his voice and speak with more force to prove a point. This was used during the list of grievances as well as the opening. This method of presentation was, perhaps most famously, used in the line "a state of war has existed between the United States and the Japanese empire." This does much to augment his purpose of bring the American people into the war. Also, his facial and body expressions (Figure 1) drive home his meaning to the members of congress.<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9VcTeAqlUDXly_aK8SpVFkbDlZB_rb9p_ue84zMPu8EO7StJRyKXAZrOzhcJSsu_XCOn-XR9cvhRjpaN_VIlyCdtZD35j6bMKvdICNYIOfvXYegG7uLINcUj8PRS1czHzfmeXjdyTUwo/s1600/FDR.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 193px; height: 200px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9VcTeAqlUDXly_aK8SpVFkbDlZB_rb9p_ue84zMPu8EO7StJRyKXAZrOzhcJSsu_XCOn-XR9cvhRjpaN_VIlyCdtZD35j6bMKvdICNYIOfvXYegG7uLINcUj8PRS1czHzfmeXjdyTUwo/s200/FDR.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5524727259109844370" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Figure 1. "Franklin Roosevelt." 1941. Photograph. Web. 5 October 2010.</span><br /><br />Franklin Delano Roosevelt faced a difficult task on December 8th, 1941. He had to bring a people that was reluctant to fight into the largest war in history, as well as reassure them. His diction and method of delivery were both critical and successful in making that need a reality.<br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">Work Cited<br /><br /><div style="text-align: left;">Roosevelt, Franklin Delano. "Pearl Harbor Address to the Nation." Washington<br /> D.C., United States. 8 December 1941. Web. 5 October 2010.</div></div>Michael O'Rourkehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06625746614577775072noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8826029642940296020.post-89204298783155451922010-10-05T17:18:00.000-07:002010-10-05T19:34:10.311-07:00Eulogy for Robert F. Kennedy/ Political Persuasion<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinsi4pxwFdNBKi1fr5vUkUsvkdC220M725Cbkvy0qE7pZ2NPnM4sK5ywGAgCZ-qDW2teLbPEIQ0nN0BsyEQW41EvEChukjQC1qH7CYr482JYLPdrDNHAUoSPPGn6tbpyfmQXwZc9mGh8oA/s1600/tedkennedyeulogyforrfk5a.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 244px; height: 147px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinsi4pxwFdNBKi1fr5vUkUsvkdC220M725Cbkvy0qE7pZ2NPnM4sK5ywGAgCZ-qDW2teLbPEIQ0nN0BsyEQW41EvEChukjQC1qH7CYr482JYLPdrDNHAUoSPPGn6tbpyfmQXwZc9mGh8oA/s320/tedkennedyeulogyforrfk5a.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5524752383336664786" /></a><br /><br /> In the photo above, Ted Kennedy is giving the eulogy of his brother. If the speech was more focused on the fond memories of family and brotherhood, the Ted Kennedy should look more emotional. However, he chose to remember him through a motivational speech that Robert F. Kennedy gave. Thus, he only has a plainly concerned façade. <br /><br />Edward Kennedy gives the eulogy of his brother, American politician, Democratic Senator from New York, Robert Kennedy. This was such a loss for him, being the second time he lost a brother by assassination. With this emotional loss, he gave the eulogy at the funeral on June 8, 1968 at Saint Patrick’s Cathedral in New York. However, his eulogy consisted of lengthy quotes from his brother’s political accomplishments rather than some classic, family memories. Ted Kennedy quoted Robert Kennedy’s achievements in order to remind Americans how he lived and leaves them from a political standpoint.<br />The <a href="http://americanrhetoric.com/speeches/ekennedytributetorfk.html">eulogy</a> was recorded in film, and so his funeral was seen by most Americans. In the following video, the recording excludes the majority of the speech, but kept focus on the beginning and very end. But what Ted Kennedy said during the main point of his speech was an extensive quote on R.F.K.’s <a href="http://www.jfklibrary.org/Historical%20Resources/Archives/Reference%20Desk/Speeches/RFK/Day%20of%20Affirmation%20Address%20News%20Release.htm">speech</a> to the young people of South Africa on their Day of Affirmation in 1966. It began with,” There is discrimination in this world and slavery and slaughter and starvation. Governments repress their people; millions are trapped in poverty while the nation grows rich and wealth is lavished on armaments everywhere.” (American Rhetoric). R.F.K . was trying to acknowledge that yes, there were terrible evils in the world, but he would continue to say in his speech that “they are the common works of man”. While this was a motivational idea to the people of South Africa, it did not demonstrate emotional ideas for a eulogy. Instead, it impacted the political idea of self- reliability and promoted acts of change.<br /><br />During the eulogy, this speech continued for the majority. Ted Kennedy left it by saying, “That is the way he lived. That is what he leaves us” (Edward Kennedy). The speech Robert Kennedy gave was to the South African people on their Day of Affirmation, so it does not fit the purpose of remembrance in his eulogy. He finished it by trying to get America to remember how he lived, how he tried to get rights for underprivileged people of America. <br /><br />Near the end, Ted Kennedy told the country that “my brother need not be idealized, or enlarged in death beyond what he was in life; to be remembered simply as a good and decent man, who saw wrong and tried to right it, saw suffering and tried to heal it, saw war and tried to stop it.” Clearly, he just used his eulogy of his brother with a major ideal of civil rights and almost denied it by stating that his brother need not be idealized. <br /><br />Ted Kennedy had a rough time grieving his brothers’ deaths, yet remembered Robert F. Kennedy’s political goals in his eulogy to America. <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><div align="left">Work Cited<br /><br />Kennedy, Edward. "American Rhetoric: Edward M. Kennedy - Eulogy for Robert F. Kennedy." American Rhetoric: The Power of Oratory in the United States. Web. 06 Oct. 2010. <http://americanrhetoric.com/speeches/ekennedytributetorfk.html>.<br /><br />Works Consulted<br /><br />Kennedy, Robert F. "Day of Affirmation Address (news Release Text Version) - John F. Kennedy Presidential Library & Museum." Home - John F. Kennedy Presidential Library & Museum. Web. 06 Oct. 2010. <http://www.jfklibrary.org/historical>.<br /><br />"Ted Kennedy's Eulogy for RFK." CBS News. 3 Oct. 2010. Web. 5 Oct. 2010.<br /> <http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=5268061n&tag=mncol;lst;1>.</div>Carrie Millerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17514667746568926841noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8826029642940296020.post-16048225352940237042010-10-05T17:06:00.000-07:002010-10-06T09:48:25.670-07:00Ill Repute: Pearl Harbor an Attack on the World<div align="center"><span style="color:#000000;">“December 7th 1941 a date which will live in infamy…” as said in the beginning of Franklin Delano Roosevelt's address to congress and the entire world. FDR was obligated as President to address the nation on the proper steps toward peace. FDR's speech was used as a rally call to the American people to support a world war because a war with Imperial Japan meant for a war with it's allies. Little did FDR know that this declaration of war would result in </span><a href="http://www.hitler.org/ww2-deaths.html"><span style="color:#000099;">56,125,262 </span></a><span style="color:#000000;">deaths total, destruction of nations, and a grueling four years war. Audience means everything to a speech by the President, his angle was that he was only addressing war upon the Empire of Japan, but there is evidence that would show that declaration of war was also upon Japan's allies.<br /><br /><br /><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5524718186017950818" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 168px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 204px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjI4EVKM1e5IAzbSpOIuAX-OL9uVSSSBGVBH_uwWRV1G_oOtysLxHETYQeVtIPjZqEhctRg7R3IINFZZpteyaVk9T0vuAstSARDY7zAbyk4FapAaQUUmx53WOJrat4c2xAXWKxnjCU1IY3X/s200/decwarsfdr.jpg" border="0" /><br /><br />Figure 1: "Franklin D. Roosevelt Signing the Declaration of War against Japan." 8 Dec. 1941. Archives. National Archives and Records Administration, Nov.-Dec. 1991. Web. 4 Oct. 2010. <http:><br /><br /><br />The American people as well as congress knew that war was inevitable after these atrocious acts of terror on American soil. FDR uses minor hints that point out who exactly he was directing this speech to. FDR refers to an, "</span><a href="http://americanrhetoric.com/speeches/fdrpearlharbor.htm"><span style="color:#000099;">Absolute Victory</span></a><span style="color:#000000;">" (FDR) an absolute victory over Japan would ultimately mean war with their allies, thus hinting to the fact that the war will not only be fought on Japan's soil but as well as other countries. FDR was using these little clues as a way of showing the enemy that war was imminent. In figure 1 FDR signs the declaration of war on Japan finalizing the approval by congress. FDR knew that signing this declaration other parts come into play. America was allies with the British and the French at the time of the invasion and blitzkrieg of both countries. American military needed to aid their allies thus making us the enemy to the Nazi Regime and the Italian Socialist Army. FDR did not want to blatantly point out the enemies of the state but instead hinted to it as a method of intimidation. FDR also refers to the military and how he shows special trust in a successful victory over the Axis Powers. FDR also quotes at the end of mentioning the armed forces, "..--so help us God." FDR does not use this as a method of saying everyone should believe in his god but simply referring to a higher power above humans whether that be Allah, God, Jesus Christ, or whoever. FDR seems to also use this referral that god is on our side due to the way the United States was betrayed and deceived by the Japanese Empire by talks of peace and reconcile.</span></div><p align="center"><br /><br /><span style="color:#000000;">While the enemies of the United States watched on as FDR made his final decision of war it was already apparent that the American citizens had made their opinions and came to terms with what another World War meant. FDR utilizes his knowledge of the American people when he states, "The people of the United States have already formed their opinions and well understand the implications to the very life and safety of our nation." The American people were not ignorant to the conflict and the power of the Nazi Regime and knew of many of the horrors going on from people living in Germany as well as other people from countries in Europe escaping Hitler and Mussolini's wrath. FDR as well as the citizens had been looking into the issue with Hitler and the Axis powers for some time and knew being prepared was the best option. Even though the United States was neutral prior to the attacks on Pearl Harbor plans were already being prepared for safety. FDR and the Armed Forces (American Soldiers, Sailors, Marines, Coast Guard, Citizens etc. etc.) had started invasion and battle preparations in order to organize a mass military movement if war was brought to the United States. The United States citizens were eager to go to war, citizens and soldiers alike of America have always wanted to fight the oppressor or dictator in order to allow the innocent the equal opportunity of life and happiness. FDR states to the American people as means of rallying American citizens to support a war, "But always will our whole nation remember the character of the onslaught against us."(FDR) What FDR is trying to tell the American people that this event will never be forgotten and what we do after this horrific act will be a defining point of how America looks to the rest of the world and the other world powers. American people were already backing a war before the attacks on Pearl Harbor and other American military installments, the attack only forced America to enter and ultimately win the war.<br /><br />FDR in the begining of his speech addressed the following people, "Mr. Vice President, Mr. Speaker, Members of the Senate, and of the House of Representatives.." it is clear that these people were not the only ones that were to examine the speech and make a decision. The American people and the enemies of America were all listening in to see what would happen now that war had been brought to America's footsteps. Now not only did America have to prepare their military immensely but so did the enemy realizing that America was going to get involved and begin taking apart the Axis Powers.<br /><br /><br />Works Cited<br /><br />Roosevelt, Franklin Delano. "Pearl Harbor Address to the Nation." American<br />Rhetoric. N.p., 8 Dec. 1941. Web. 4 Oct. 2010.<br /><http:><br /><br />Works Consulted<br /><br />"World War II." Yourdiscovery. Discovery Communications, Inc, 2010. Web. 3 Oct.<br />2010. <http:><br /><br /></span></p>AlMoral93http://www.blogger.com/profile/00389079701291187409noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8826029642940296020.post-83154432518516431642010-10-05T17:04:00.000-07:002010-10-05T20:02:50.031-07:00"Womens Rights are Human Rights"For years women have been fighting for equal rights in everything they do. Women have always gotten stereotyped because men believe that they are superior to women. On September 4th –15th, 1995 the Fourth World Conference on Women was held in Beijing. There were 189 government representatives there, including representatives from the United States. The conference…“it raised consciousness in international agencies about the importance of a "gender perspective," and it gave feminists all over the world ammunition for the battles they had yet to fight at home,” according to Joe Freeman. September 5, 1995, Clinton was a featured speaker at the conference. Her speech was entitled, “Women’s Rights are Human Rights”. Throughout the speech, Clinton firmly stated the issues that mattered the most in women’s lives and she passionately expressed her stance as it pertained to the violation of women and human rights in order to allow everyone’s eyes to open up to the issues.<br /> <br />She opened distinguishedly by, acknowledging and thanking all the people who dedicated their work to women rights, and those who invited her to the conference. Then Clinton appreciatively mentions how the conference, “is truly a celebration, of the contributions women make in every aspect of life: in the home, on the job, in the community, as mothers, wives, sisters, daughters, learners, workers, citizens, and leaders.” Next, she aggressively addresses the thoughts and complaints of having the conference for women. “Let them listen to the voices of women in their homes, neighborhoods, and workplaces. There are some who wonder whether the lives of women and girls matter to economic and political progress around the globe. Let them look at the women gathered here and at Huairou -- the homemakers and nurses, the teachers and lawyers, the policymakers and women who run their own businesses.” In listening Clintons tone, one gets the point that she is making about the conference is of great necessity.<br /> <br />Toward the end of the speech, Clinton passionately expresses her feelings on the violation of women and their human rights. As she is speaking about the violations of the women rights, she articulates every word and puts an emphasis on certain words in order to get her point across. For example Clinton emphasis, “It is a violation of human rights when young girls are brutalized by the painful and degrading practice of genital mutilation.” In this statement, she pronounces and articulates the words: It is a violation of human rights, young girls, brutalized, painful, degrading practice, and genital mutilation. She wanted everyone to hear and understand clearly what she was saying. In figure one you can clearly see that women at this conference fully agreed to all that was being said. <br /><br /> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_UQUG9YrNVPXlTKOK1oTTRR_A_BEKtH7tNNR6hvC95nMLmnqV1du0iUh_T8xOdOLB01H9vFhcPPVJa307ptQy5MQYj0VvymlRGHEHKTd5Ep7OEYgPbWwxy2V5vY8z29Mw3UpqUv1KSK43/s1600/1930125.28.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_UQUG9YrNVPXlTKOK1oTTRR_A_BEKtH7tNNR6hvC95nMLmnqV1du0iUh_T8xOdOLB01H9vFhcPPVJa307ptQy5MQYj0VvymlRGHEHKTd5Ep7OEYgPbWwxy2V5vY8z29Mw3UpqUv1KSK43/s320/1930125.28.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5524762927276494146" /></a><br />Fig.1. This is a Moroccan activist at the Fourth World Conference on Women. Sept. 1995. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 Oct. 2010.<br /><br />Throughout the speech Clinton uses the word “freedom”, but she never fully explains herself until the end when she was going back clarifying and reviewing what she had mentioned in the speech. Clinton says, “Let me be clear. Freedom means the right of people to assemble, organize, and debate openly.” In her conclusion, instead of reviewing everything over again, she tells what will happen if we allow certain things to continue in our world, due to not allowing women the equal rights they deserve. <br /><br />This event had a great impact on people everywhere. It opened up many eyes and allowed people to see that women are important and women could do things if you just give them a chance to. I felt very affected by this speech because who knew that women had all those struggles to go through in order to be successful to other people. It makes me feel that I should help the fight for equal rights for women all over the world.<br /><br /><br /> Work Cited<br />Clinton, Hillary Rodham. "'Womens Rights are Human Rights.'" The Fourth World Conference on Women. Beijing, China. 5 Sept. 1995. American Rhetioric. Web. 5 Oct. 2010.<br /><br /> Works Consulted<br />Freeman, Joe. "Beijing '95." jofreeman.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 Oct. 2010.Precious Robinsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15886966031849006912noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8826029642940296020.post-6573271289078713882010-10-05T16:55:00.000-07:002010-10-05T16:55:56.262-07:00General Douglas MacArthur's "Farewell Address to Congress" Analysis<span id="internal-source-marker_0.29528861868699485" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">While the Korean War was campaigned as a conflict against communism, it was also the cause of many <a href="http://cloudworth.com/koreanwar/controversy.php">conflicts</a> in America. None of these conflicts were more outstanding than the dismissal of General Douglas MacArthur by Harry Truman. While his actions were labeled as insubordinate, MacArthur uses his “Farewell Address to Congress” to explain the necessity he felt behind his decisions. General MacArthur gives his speech to the nation to explain that his choices were not made to disregard President Truman, but to protect people in the east, as well as in America, from the spread of communism.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">In the beginning of his <a href="http://americanrhetoric.com/speeches/douglasmacarthurfarewelladdress.htm">speech</a> MacArthur contests that he is speaking with “neither rancor or bitterness” as a tool to refute any ideas of potential bias towards those who’s viewpoints he is about to discuss. He continues on to say that those who believe America is incapable to defend itself on two fronts--Europe and Asia--are merely expressing “defeatism.” He uses this argument to imply that America is more than capable to combat communism worldwide. His use of praise towards America opened up the audience to hear his messages, which were received with uproars of applause, as shown in figure 1.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br />
</span><br />
<object width="480" height="385"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/Tuagi9kZe8A?fs=1&hl=en_US&rel=0"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/Tuagi9kZe8A?fs=1&hl=en_US&rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="385"></embed></object><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Fig.1 MacArthur, Douglas. "Douglas MacArthur Farewell Speech to Congress." Speech. 19 April 1951. Youtube. 5 October 2010.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">To reiterate the threat of communism spreading to Asia, he explains, “the peoples of Asia found their opportunity in the war just past to throw off the shackles of colonialism and now see the dawn of new opportunity, a heretofore unfelt dignity, and the self-respect of political freedom,” alluding to the potential of these countries adopting communism in their political freedom. He makes the audience aware of his strategy to combat this threat by saying “it becomes vital that our own country orient its policies in consonance with this basic evolutionary condition.” He recommends that the U.S. offers “friendly guidance, understanding, and support” to help sway the opinions towards freedom and democracy. </span><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">He uses this statement about the area’s willingness to accept the ideas and inputs of outside forces to set up the idea that America needs to put forth the correct influences and support. When MacArthur says, ”I have from the beginning believed that the Chinese Communists' support of the North Koreans was the dominant one,” he is explaining how allowing communist forces to influence a nation can actually further communism. The General then goes on to praise the nations of Asia that have not submitted to communism yet. He states that he knows of “no nation more serene, orderly, and industrious, nor in which higher hopes can be entertained for future constructive service in the advance of the human race” than Japan. He continues to say that America can “look forward in confidence that the existing unrest will be corrected and a strong and healthy nation will grow” in reference to the Philippines.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">MacArthur reflects on the Philippines’ sacrifices during the war by saying, “We must be patient and understanding and never fail them -- as in our hour of need, they did not fail us,” reiterating the necessity he felt to protect those nations. He also says, “...might well force our western frontier back to the coast of California, Oregon and Washington,” when speaking on the potential loss of Japan and the Philippines. This statement serves to help Americans realize that he acted not only to protect the people of Asia, but also the people back home.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">MacArthur closes out his speech with several appeals to those American families directly impacted by the war. To contest thoughts that he only cared about Americans within the countries borders, and not those serving outside of them, he says,”I have just left your fighting sons in Korea. They have met all tests there, and I can report to you without reservation that they are splendid in every way. It was my constant effort to preserve them and end this savage conflict honorably and with the least loss of time and a minimum sacrifice of life. Its growing bloodshed has caused me the deepest anguish and anxiety. Those gallant men will remain often in my thoughts and in my prayers always.” This last reflection allows General MacArthur to validate his decisions in the war, without appearing careless towards those who followed it.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span>Works Cited <br />
<br />
MacArthur, Douglas. "Farewell Address to Congress." <i>American Rhetoric</i>. N.p., 19 <br />
Apr. 1951. Web. 5 Oct. 2010.<br />
<br />
Works Consulted <br />
<br />
Nuutinen, Joni. "Controversy." <i>Cloud Worth</i>. N.p., 2010. Web. 5 Oct. 2010.Jacob Burtonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03892420305069999861noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8826029642940296020.post-74566516368482339432010-10-05T15:01:00.000-07:002010-10-05T20:14:48.326-07:00"Ich bin ein Berliner" Analysis"Ich bin ein Berliner," President John F. Kennedy proudly boasts in that famous town divided by an even more infamous wall. I am a Berliner. With those simple words he publicly opened a conflict between the free and communist world that would last for years to come. An eager population greets Kennedy as he speaks on an island of the capitalist world. Boosting the pride and confidence of the German people, President Kennedy appeals to the population of West Berlin by using tactics to both evoke patriotism and denounce communism.<br /><br />Kennedy knew that this would be a deciding factor in the political systems of the world, and that this speech was also a chance to show the world the failures of communism and successes of democracy. His language is all encompassing and contains elements of something that most, if not all, people can relate to: patriotism. An early example of this in Kennedy’s speech was “Two thousand years ago -- Two thousand years ago, the proudest boast was ‘civis Romanus sum.’ Today, in the world of freedom, the proudest boast is ‘<a href="http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/jfkberliner.html">Ich bin ein Berliner</a>.’” The crowd roared at this comment, as seen in figure one, showing the world that Berlin was ready for change ready to embrace democracy. Kennedy’s carefully picked words and the slow deliberate tone inspired patriotism from the audience. He knew that by boosting the morale and by complementing the citizens of West Berlin, that they would be more open to listen to what he had to say later on. “I know of no town, no city, that has been besieged for 18 years that still lives with the vitality and the force, and the hope, and the determination of the city of West Berlin.” was another line that surely provided confidence to the citizens and reminded them that the rest of the world had their eyes on the “defended island of freedom.” Appealing to what the citizens hoped that they could be, Kennedy gave hope of a free and undivided Germany.<br /><img style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 295px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: 290px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5524758927624619570" border="0" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_1hnOIpr294M/TKvi-Sa7xjI/AAAAAAAAAAM/7BCxHM9aZfw/s320/Kennedy+berlin.jpg" /> <center>The cheering population of West Berlin at Kennedy's speech. 1963. John F. Kennedy Presidential Museum. John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. Web. 5 Oct. 2010.</center><br /><br />Furthermore, perhaps a more important factor in the German pride in Kennedy’s speech was his delivery and overall presentation. He simply appealed to what the population of Berlin wanted to hear. For instance, he stated that “Freedom has many difficulties and democracy is not perfect. But we have never had to put a wall up to keep our people in -- to prevent them from leaving us.” This humor--almost dark in a way--provided a way to relate with the audience that Kennedy was speaking to by showing them that he was thinking some of the same things that they were at the time. How he said it, with a smile on his face and with a bit of a chuckle, brought about the anti-communistic feelings that the West Berliners were feeling. Seemingly he accomplished to relate to the Germans, because their reaction was ecstatic. Another tool that Kennedy used was repetition. He used the statement “Let them come to Berlin,” four times. With this he boosted the morale of the Germans and showed them that he was, in a way, proud of their accomplishments. He showed them that even in the face of doubt and a possibility of a takeover, they could remain strong. Denouncing the political system of communism also happened in that repetition, because each example bashed an aspect of a communistic society. With this, Kennedy gains seemingly unanimous support from his audience. <p>Accordingly, Kennedy accomplished his goals through the power of his rhetorical skills. He appealed to the population of West Berlin, revived confidence and patriotism in a democratic Germany, and denounced the communist system that surrounded the city. Kennedy's words inspired millions when he said that he was a Berliner. Showing the power of words and delivery, Kennedy greatly affected the Cold War and how the world is today. <p><center>Work Cited</center><p><br />Kennedy, John Fitzgerald. "Ich bin ein Berliner." Rathaus Schöneberg, West Berlin. 26 June 1963. American Rhetoric. Web. 4 Oct. 2010.</p><p></p><center>Work Consulted </center><br /><p></p><br />"The Cold War in Berlin." John F. Kennedy Presidential Museum and Library. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 Oct. 2010.Eli Clausenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17809742192440338188noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8826029642940296020.post-37013641929119481222010-10-05T14:29:00.001-07:002010-10-05T15:08:00.093-07:00John F. Kennedy’s “Civil Rights Address” Analysis<span xmlns=""><div><div><div><br /><p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12;">"We preach freedom around the world…that this is the land of the free except for the Negroes." President Kennedy was describing our society when he addressed the nation after the controversial decision to <a href="http://partners.nytimes.com/library/national/race/061263race-ra.html">admit two qualified Negroes into the University of Alabama in Birmingham</a>. He said that the university should be place for all to have "equal chance to develop their talents." Kennedy's speech consisted of specific issues affecting the nation and its foundation of freedom. President Kennedy <a href="http://americanrhetoric.com/speeches/jfkcivilrights.htm">shows awareness of the current issue of segregation</a> using imagery, appropriate language, and tone, which assures the public with compelling remarks that he appreciates those who are making a change and requiring the help of others to change the view of this nation.</span><br /></p><p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12;">In Kennedy's speech, the repetitive use of "it ought to be possible" is an effective way to point out the different levels of freedom that restricted the average Negro citizen. With this phrase, it leads into the point that "every American ought to have the right to be treated as he would wish to be treated." From a different point of view, number phrases were also successful and effective in his speech. Kennedy included phrases such as one-half, one-third, twice as much, and half as much to indicate the chances of an average American Negro to complete certain obstacles equivalent to the average white American. The motivation for such number references is relevant and leads up to Kennedy's thought that "a time of domestic crisis men of good will and generosity should be able to unite regardless of party or politics." Within the speech, Kennedy described this nation to be "founded on the principle that all men are created equal;" however, this applied to everyone but Negroes in the community. Lincoln freed the slaves more than a hundred years ago, but to this day, the slaves' great-grandchildren are not fully freed from discrimination and prosperity. </span></p><p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12;">While the speech was directed toward the American people, Kennedy was also addressing his speech to Congress. He emphasized that Congress, or any legislative body, can no longer ignore such events. As shown in Figure 1, the wide range of citizens taking the first step to change is appreciated by Kennedy. </span><br /><br /><img style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 330px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 242px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://www.jacksonfineart.com/images/artists/largest/910.jpg" border="0" /></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12;">Fig.1. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:9;color:#0e0e0e;">Danny Lyon. <em>USA. Atlanta, Georgia. Winter 1963-1964. A Toddle House sit-in by the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). (NYC17748)</em>. Magnum Photos. 01 Jan. 1962. <em>eLibrary</em>. Web. 04 Oct. 2010.</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12;"> </span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12;">He reminds us that "Those who do nothing are inviting shame, as well as violence. Those who act boldly are recognizing right, as well as reality." Unfortunately, sometimes voluntary actions will not promote others, which is why legislation was needed. Kennedy spoke to the public that he will ask Congress "to make a commitment it has not fully made in this century to the proposition that race has no place in American life or law." In fact, Congress has made few propositions to employ Negro citizens and lead a small narrow path to their future. Kennedy complains that "other necessary measures" are needed to move the nation forward in which only Congress can provide. In the speech, Kennedy provides the imagery of the many struggles Negro families go through. For example, Negro children will have "suffered a loss which can never be restored" by attending segregated schools and not experiencing the wide variety of struggles that compose the enriched experiences of the human mind. Kennedy calls for every citizen to recognize the evil being poured out on the nation's streets that is seen by him as hostile "sense of human decency." With this in mind, he leads into his main point the struggles of a American Negro that consists of unemployment, inadequate education, denied equal rights, and denial the opportunities of human society. </span><br /></p><p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12;">President Kennedy asked all people, including citizens and Congressmen, to realize that this nation needs to live with justice for a better day. Kennedy appropriately used repetitive words, imagery, and tone to recognize the wrongdoing of many Americans. Using number phrases to indicate the chances of accomplishing goals and the repetitive use of "it ought to be possible," Kennedy was able to question the American way of being "free." He called for the support of all Americans to encourage peaceful protests and acknowledged the help of the few Americans who took the initiative already. Kennedy successfully stated the problem and solution in his speech using appropriate language to persuade the American public. </span><br /></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-family:Courier New;font-size:10;">Works Cited </span><br /></p><p><span style="font-family:Courier New;font-size:10;">Kennedy, John F. "Civil Rights Address." <em>American Rhetoric</em>. N.p., 11 June 1963. Web. 4 Oct. 2010. </span></p><br /><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-family:Courier New;font-size:10;">Works Consulted</span> </p><p><span style="font-family:Courier New;font-size:10;">Sitton, Claude. "Alabama Admits Negro Students;Wallace Bows to Federal Force;Kennedy Sees 'Moral</span><span style="font-family:Courier New;font-size:10;">Crisis' in U.S." Editorial. <em>The New York Times</em>. The New York Times Company, 12 June 1963. Web.</span><span style="font-family:Courier New;font-size:10;">4 Oct. 2010.</span><br /></p></span></div></div></div>Ivan Ortizhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12222590058804028487noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8826029642940296020.post-20371333862578433162010-10-05T14:22:00.000-07:002010-10-05T14:43:57.793-07:00Elie Wiesel's "The Perils of Indifference" AnalysisAt the end of World War II, a young boy was finally free from the cruelties of Nazi Germany after being liberated by the American resistance military. He had faced the worst of inhumanity at Auschwitz, the ghettos, and Buchenwald. There, he turned his head and became a stranger to his father in the last moments of his life--a time he would never forget. He was later liberated at Buchenwald when the American resistance military took over the camp. Later in his life, he would learn about the strangers to his own struggle--the members of society that turned their heads to the inhumanity that took place during World War II. In the spring of 1999 author of Night and Noble Peace Prize Winner, Elie Wiesel, gave his speech, <a href="http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/ewieselperilsofindifference.html">The Perils of Indifference</a>, as part of the Millennium Lecture Series hosted by white house leaders. In Wiesel’s speech, he defined the nature of indifference in regards to tragic events that happened in the past century including his struggle as a young boy caught in the middle of World War II. Wiesel presented his speech carefully by speaking with the appropriate pauses and tone so that his audience felt the message he was trying to convey.<br /><br /><br /><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 10px auto; DISPLAY: block"><embed id="1_87167f26_cf34_11df_bff8_00219b9a62b5" height="30" name="1_87167f26_cf34_11df_bff8_00219b9a62b5" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" pluginspage="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer" width="300" src="http://media.entertonement.com/embed/OpenEntPlayer.swf" flashvars="auto_play=false&clip_pid=cwwjxwkxlc&e=&id=1_87167f26_cf34_11df_bff8_00219b9a62b5&skin_pid=wfxswdnlkf" allowscriptaccess="always" wmode="transparent"></embed> <div style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; DISPLAY: block; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 8px; TEXT-DECORATION: none" id="1_87167f26_cf34_11df_bff8_00219b9a62b5_anchor"><a style="COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 8px" href="http://www.entertonement.com/collections/237/Elie-Wiesel?ht_link=1_87167f26_cf34_11df_bff8_00219b9a62b5" target="_blank"></a></div><img style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; FLOAT: right; HEIGHT: 0px; VISIBILITY: hidden; PADDING-TOP: 0px" border="0" alt="Perils of Indiffernce Part 1 sound bite" src="http://www.entertonement.com/widgets/img/clip/cwwjxwkxlc/1/1_87167f26_cf34_11df_bff8_00219b9a62b5/blank.gif" width="0" height="0" /></div><br /><br /><div align="center">Figure 1. Wiesel, Elie. "The Perils of Indifference." Perils of Indifference Part 1. N.d. MP3 file. </div><br /><br />Throughout the speech, it is easy for the audience to understand Wiesel’s struggle. By speaking with a wide range of tones such as anger, hope, and apathy, the audience can understand Wiesel’s feelings towards the things lost in the twenty-first century and the future of humanity. When reflecting on his liberation, he speaks with hope and says, “he was finally free,” but he also speaks with apathy when saying that, “there was no joy in his heart.” In the one instance, when Wiesel states “the Pentagon knew, the state department knew” of his struggles, he does an excellent job of revisiting the past with anger. This makes it seem as though he was just finding out for the first time that he could have been saved earlier when he says, “now we know, we learned, we discovered.” In this instance, Wiesel allows the audience to revisit the past with him so that they too can feel the anger he has towards the indifference of the world. The audience can better understand the speaker’s attitude toward the twenty-first century through Wiesel’s repetition of contrasting tones when he concludes his speech saying with a mixture of hope, apathy, and anger that, “together we walk towards the new millennium, carried by profound fear and extraordinary hope.”<br /><br />In addition to contrasting tones, Wiesel also uses a plentiful amount of pauses in order to emphasize words and phrases that he wants the audience to reflect on. When first presenting the audience with the word “indifference”, he speaks loudly and pauses after the phrase “no difference.” This can be heard in Figure 1 above. This pause allows the audience to reflect on Wiesel’s definition of indifference, which prepares them for the rest of his speech. Another word Wiesel does an excellent job at encouraging the audience to think about is the word “gratitude”. After the third time he repeats this word he pauses. This allows the audience to better understand Wiesel’s appreciation towards the gratitude others display. Another time the audience can better understand Wiesel’s feelings toward indifference is when he says, “In a way, to be indifferent to that suffering is what makes the human being inhuman.” Two words Wiesel emphasizes in this stance through dramatic pause are “indifference” and, “inhuman.” Through these pauses, the audience can make the connection that to be indifferent is to be inhuman, which is Wiesel’s overall message.<br /><br />From a young boy trapped in a concentration, to an old man witnessing consistent acts of indifference, Elie Wiesel invites his audience to feel the message he has toward the future of humanity in his speech, The Perils of Indifference. Through the use of contrasting tones and dramatic pause, Wiesel brings clarity to his overall message, which is to be indifferent is to be inhuman.<br /><br /><br /><div align="center">Works Cited</div><br />Wiesel, Elie, perf. "The Perils of Indifference." American Rhetoric. Michael E.<br />Eidenmuller, 2010. Web. 4 Oct. 2010. <http:>.<br /><br /><br /><div align="center">Works Consulted</div><br />Wiesel, Elie. "Preface to the New Translation." Preface. Night. By Wiesel. Trans.<br />Marion Wiesel. 1958. New York: Hill and Wang, 2006. vii-xv. Print.Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8826029642940296020.post-14038139744321832902010-10-05T13:44:00.001-07:002010-10-05T22:01:56.952-07:00“Could You Lower Those Signs, Please?”<div align="left"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_IGiOrJ3bgco/TKwAn019dgI/AAAAAAAAAA0/E6Bcgp83FTs/s1600/00000000000000001.jpg"><img style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 200px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: 199px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5524791527076623874" border="0" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_IGiOrJ3bgco/TKwAn019dgI/AAAAAAAAAA0/E6Bcgp83FTs/s200/00000000000000001.jpg" /></a><span xmlns=""><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-size:78%;"> Fig.1 Plaque in present day Indianapolis, Indiana. IN.gov. Picture. 5 Oct 2010</span> </span></span></span></span><br /><span xmlns=""><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:85%;">On April 4<sup>th</sup>, 1968, Robert Kennedy was to give a speech to a mostly African American audience. Even though Kennedy was supposed to give a campaign rally for the democratic nomination, he quickly changed his mind when he heard of the death of Martin Luther King Jr. What could have been a mass riot in what was considered a dangerous ghetto in <a href="http://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=236">Indiana</a> became an inspirational time for all Americans and a call to unity between blacks and<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_IGiOrJ3bgco/TKv-pt3zPoI/AAAAAAAAAAU/7y7lPHwUNus/s1600/00000000000000001.jpg"></a> whites (Fig. 1). While delivering his </span><a href="http://americanrhetoric.com/speeches/rfkonmlkdeath.html"><span style="font-size:85%;">"Rem</a><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_IGiOrJ3bgco/TKv_r7PVHSI/AAAAAAAAAAk/1i6SxGyChQY/s1600/00000000000000001.jpg"></a><a href="http://americanrhetoric.com/speeches/rfkonmlkdeath.html">arks on the Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr."</span></a><span style="font-size:85%;">, Robert Kennedy uses parallelism to describe the emotions of the audience but also uses his experiences to inspire unity between blacks and whites.</span></span></span></span><span xmlns=""><span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"> </span></span></div><span xmlns=""><span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"></span></span><br /><span xmlns=""><span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;">From the second paragraph on, Kennedy attempts to relate to the audience by describing possible reactions after the news of someone's death. One of the reactions he proposes is to be "...filled with bitterness, and with hatred and a desire for revenge". He then persuades the reader to deter from this by describing that it will cause "...greater polarization--black people amongst blacks, and white </span></span><span xmlns=""><span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;">among whites, filled with hatred towards one another". Also, by mentioning the death of his brother, he exemplifies how pointless it would be to oppose a race of people. Instead, Kennedy proposes to "...make an effort in the United States" to "...replace the violence, that stain of bloodshed that has spread across our land, with an effort to understand, compassion, and love". This parallelism is successful because it rationalizes with the audience as to how they should react and manages to do so in a nonviolent way. </span></span><br /><span xmlns=""><span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"></span></span><br /><span xmlns=""><span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;">A dichotomy is not only shown between emotions but also to relate the issue of race. In the 60's, tension between blacks and whites was high and the death of a black man by a white man only increased the tension. Throughout his speech, Kennedy refers to blacks and whites separately which adds attention to the different races. He talks about the reactions "...for those of you who are black..." and then talks about his reactions as a white person. He could have easily combined the two races but talking about them as different groups added to the dichotomy of emotions described above and created a more universal message at the end. </span></span><br /><span xmlns=""><span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"></span></span><br /><span xmlns=""><span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;">As a transition into speaking about Americans as a whole, Kennedy cites a poem by Aeschylus. The poem talks about pain and how after a certain amount of time it transforms into "wisdom through the awful grace of God". This poem relates to the topic by reminding the audience that after pain comes wisdom and by using "our" multiple times in the poem, a mood of unity is created. From here on, Kennedy brings the speech together by referring to the emotions he used to show parallelism as a way of bringing Americans together; he tells America what they don't need as opposed to what they do need. He also unites his audience by talking about the wants of "...the vast majority of white people and the vast majority of black people..." and implementing a call to action to "...tame the savageness of man and make gentle the life of this world". By giving both blacks and whites a task to do together, the division that Kennedy works so hard to build throughout the speech crumbles to leave a group of blacks and whites united under one </span></span><span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;">person: Martin Luther King Jr.</span><br /><br /><div><div align="center"><span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;">Work Cited</span><br /></div><div><span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;">"Remarks on the Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.".<em> Robert F. Kennedy</em>. American Rhetoric, 2010.Web.5 Oct 2010.</span></div><br /><div align="center"><span xmlns=""><span style="font-family:arial;color:black;"><span style="font-size:85%;">Work Consulted</span></span></span><br /></div><div align="left"><span xmlns=""><span style="font-family:arial;color:black;"><span style="font-size:85%;">Gavin, Phillip. "Robert F. Kennedy: On the Death of Martin Luther King Jr." <em>Great Speeches Collection</em>. The History Place, 2010. Web. 5 Oct 2010.</span></div><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><div align="left"><br /></div></span></span><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="right"><br /></div><a title="" href="http://americanrhetoric.com/speeches/rfkonmlkdeath.html"></a></div>Edith Ohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04372734315869865200noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8826029642940296020.post-39001088914102133642010-10-05T13:39:00.000-07:002010-10-05T14:01:31.153-07:00"The Ballot or the Bullet"<div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLGNGkKaS2WT-04B1gjr3Qnt4XgzcWkq5vh9WDNtrHF978dLakXAAIo06ajA9_lXhkebgXDT8Xy1p0q_gA3DuBe1z8XAQSBNs6nRZdEcqgWvpa-4BMz2BOKjhyLbQ8-_QV8SWHQx1QrT0/s1600/Untitled.png"></a>In Cleveland, Ohio, on April 3, 1964, Malcolm X delivers <a href="http://www.edchange.org/multicultural/speeches/malcolm_x_ballot.html">“The Ballot or the Bullet”</a> speech. He brings a new interpretation of the meaning civil rights with the philosophy of Black Nationalism. Malcolm’s purpose was uniting African Americans to vote, become politically mature, making sure that the candidate’s promises towards the African Americans are being fulfilled and demanding equality. Malcolm X’s empowering tone rallies African Americans to begin to take action in politics to get obtain equality by any means necessary.<div><br /><a href="http://socialistworker.org/2005-1/531/531_06_MalcolmX.shtml">“Ballot” or “bullet,” </a>two terms that Malcolm X demands in his empowering tone for the African American community to “wake up” and take action. Malcolm exploits that “All of us have suffered here, in this country, political oppression at the hands of the white man, economic exploitation at the hands of the white man, and social degradation at the hands of the white man.” He depicts the actions of how the “white man,” overall white people, affects the African Americans and illustrates the problem. Now is the time to take action, according to Malcolm, “It isn't that time is running out -- time has run out!” 1964 was a political year and threatens to be an explosive year for Americans. He describes this year for white politicians to come to the community and bring their false hopes, false promises, and their trickery to gain the African American’s vote. Resulting from this Malcolm states “now we have the type of black man on the scene in America today… who just doesn’t intend to turn the other cheek any longer.” In Malcolm’s view, “I am one who doesn’t believe in deluding himself.” He rather take action than wait for a change to happen and needs the African Americans to do the same. To further emphasize his point, he states, “They don’t have to pass civil-rights legislation to make a Polack and American.” </div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 238); -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: underline; "><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLGNGkKaS2WT-04B1gjr3Qnt4XgzcWkq5vh9WDNtrHF978dLakXAAIo06ajA9_lXhkebgXDT8Xy1p0q_gA3DuBe1z8XAQSBNs6nRZdEcqgWvpa-4BMz2BOKjhyLbQ8-_QV8SWHQx1QrT0/s320/Untitled.png" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5524665290381887858" style="display: block; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 298px; " /></span>Fig. 1. Malcolm X displays his empowering tone through his delivery. 3 Apr. 1964. N.p.,</div><div> n.d. Web. 5 Oct. 2010.</div><div><br /></div><div><br /><br />“I see America through the eyes of the victim. I don't see any American dream; I see an American nightmare,” continues Malcolm about our political system. He further continues with his empowering tone to let it be known that it was of the ignorance of the “black man’s vote” that put the present administration in Washington D.C. He clarifies to the audience that they are not faced with a “segregationist conspiracy” but with a “government conspiracy,” and justifies that “This government has failed the Negro.” He reminds the audience that the term “ballot” he means “freedom” and believes that “the ballot is more important than the dollar.” Poor nations can come together with voting power plus everyone has an equal vote. If this is to fail then the next action to take is the “bullet,” now this necessarily does not mean for violence, as he further explains himself, “should never be nonviolent unless you run into some nonviolence.” He then shows the empowering meaning of “by any means necessary” by stating that “But when you drop that violence on me, then you've made me go insane, and I'm not responsible for what I do” followed by, “that's the way every Negro should get.” He wants them to know their rights, know within their moral rights, and within law, once that is established than you can die for what you believe. Malcolm wants them to take a stand; if they do not their children will look at them in shame.</div><div><br /></div><div>Without Malcolm X’s empowering tone, this speech would not be close to successful. He is addressing an audience of brothers, sisters, friends, and even enemies, to take action now not later. Even with his tone he criticizes Martin Luther King’s March on Washington, claiming it was just a march without any action. He explains that “the black nationalists aren't going to wait” and just as speech title, “it’s the ballot or the bullet.”</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><!--StartFragment--> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:-.5in; margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:.5in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center; text-indent:-.5in;line-height:200%;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%; font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">Works Consulted<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:-.5in;margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:.5in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.5in;line-height:200%; mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">Eldenmuller, Micheal E. “Top 100 Speeches.” <i>American Rhetoric</i>. N.p., 2002. Web. 4 Oct. 2010. <http://www.americanrhetoric.com/top100speechesall.html>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0in; margin-right: -0.5in; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.5in; line-height: 200%; "><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">Work Cited</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:-.5in;margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:.5in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.5in;line-height:200%; mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">Malcolm X</span></i><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 Oct. 2010. <http://www.malcolmx.com/business/index.html>.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:-.5in;margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:.5in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.5in;line-height:200%; mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">Sustar, Lee. “Legacy of a Revolutionary.” <i>Malcolm X</i>. N.p., 15 Feb. 2005. Web. 4 Oct. 2010. <http://socialistworker.org/2005-1/531/531_06_malcolmx.shtml>.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <!--EndFragment--> </div><div><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></div>tyler newsomehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11085394313932098945noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8826029642940296020.post-29015094112725930272010-10-05T13:03:00.000-07:002010-11-02T09:39:51.352-07:00Margaret Sanger's "The Children's Era" Analysis<div style="text-align: center; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;font-size:85%;" id="internal-source-marker_0.3820814871711632">From the early 1900’s until well into the 1960’s, New York native Margaret Sanger led the crusade for birth-control and contraceptives. Being the daughter of a radical liberal father, and a mother who died young after birthing eleven children, shaped Margaret into a strong, opinionated, independent women, as shown through figure 1. After studying to become a nurse, starting a family of her own, and becoming involved with the socialist party in New York, Margaret began working with poor immigrant women in the slums in 1912. The experiences she had with these women strengthened her sentiment that women should be in total control of childbearing, an outlook she had developed after witnessing her mother’s death, which she blamed on the fact that she had so many children. Th</span><span style="font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:85%;" id="internal-source-marker_0.3820814871711632">e horrendous tales of self-induced abortions and difficult pre</span><span style="font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:85%;" id="internal-source-marker_0.3820814871711632">gnancies appalled Margaret to action.</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:85%;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:85%;" id="internal-source-marker_0.3820814871711632"><br /></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:85%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnrDLCw1DZDVOV_mDXlpajYukAymwFqt5lhHctkGkFRu-7YLYEwWcUae0f5REOpEGWhwmcSQqon_N5TQRZ6r8m-N6u30MsSz7mZ2uwOnhhfeLDhuS9V1CNKZdwdgehNw40vmP-gYnXE7M/s1600/margaretsanger.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 222px; height: 256px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnrDLCw1DZDVOV_mDXlpajYukAymwFqt5lhHctkGkFRu-7YLYEwWcUae0f5REOpEGWhwmcSQqon_N5TQRZ6r8m-N6u30MsSz7mZ2uwOnhhfeLDhuS9V1CNKZdwdgehNw40vmP-gYnXE7M/s320/margaretsanger.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5524649226549125410" border="0" /></a></span><span style="font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:85%;"> Figure 1:</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:85%;">"Margaret Sanger: The Children's Era" Mar. 1925. Photograph.<em><br />American Rhetoric.</em> Web. 5 October 2010.<br /></span></div><span style="font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;color:transparent;"><br />F</span><span style="font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; font-family:Arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#CC0000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">or the next few years Margaret Sanger’s crusade provided great tension with law enforcement as she sent pamphlets regarding contraceptives through the mail and even opened a birth-control clinic in Brooklyn, in blatant violation of the </span></span><a href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/pill/peopleevents/e_comstock.html"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#CC0000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">Comstock Act</span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#CC0000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"> and other laws. By the 1920’s Margaret’s tactics had become less radical. She founded the American Birth Control League, later to become Planned Parenthood, in 1921, one of the biggest milestones in her crusade. In 1925, as a part of the first national birth-control conference, she delivered her landmark speech </span></span><a href="http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/margaretsangerchildrensera.html"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#CC0000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">“The Children’s Era.”</span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#CC0000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"> In the speech, Margaret attempts to show the importance of women’s control over childbearing as it applies to society as a whole, and the children who will eventually be born. Margaret Sanger’s purpose is impeccably conveyed through various stylistic choices and the use of analogous situations.</span></span></span><span style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#CC0000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#CC0000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; font-family:Arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#CC0000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">Margaret Sanger’s speech begins by asserting that although the twentieth century was supposed to “see this old world of ours converted into a beautiful garden of children,” as she quotes from the Swedish femenist Ellen Key, little progress has been made toward making it the century of children. Sanger continues with this analogy between raising a garden and raising children when she states, “You cannot have a garden, if you let weeds overrun it,” using it to prove the lack of success in creating a century of children. This analogy shapes much of the beginning of Sanger’s speech, driving home the message because of the simplicity and familiarity of gardening to the audience. A garden creates images of intimate, welcoming homes where children are not only taken care of, but adored, by the tender, nurturing hands of a willing mother who, like a gardener, takes pride in cultivating new life.</span></span></span><span style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#CC0000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#CC0000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; font-family:Arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#CC0000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">The garden analogy is concluded only as Sanger introduces the next analogy, going from what should have been done, to what has been done. She explains that “So far we have not been gardeners. We have only been a sort of silly reception committee, a reception committee at the Grand Central Station of life.” A train station thereby becomes the basis for examining the ways society had been dealing with unwanted or too many children, as “trainloads” of children come in and the so-called reception committee “establishes emergency measures: milk stations, maternity centers, settlement houses, playgrounds, orphanages, welfare leagues, and every conceivable kind of charitable effort.” Unfortunately, as Sanger goes on to explain, these effort are not enough and “the overworked committee becomes exhausted, inefficient, and can think of no way out.” The analogy of the reception committee at a train station is successful, much like the garden analogy, because of its apparent simplicity. In contrast to the warm atmosphere of a garden, Grand Central Station, the largest station in New York, is a cold, unfeeling, and mechanical environment. The notion of a committee in this harsh environment being responsible for dealing with the delicate task of caring for infants illustrates the painful realities of institutions and orphanages. An audience would no doubt be intrigued by such analogies, amazed at how things as complex as these social issues can be viewed in understandable terms through things that they encounter everyday. </span></span></span><span style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#CC0000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#CC0000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; font-family:Arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#CC0000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">Together these extended analogies provide a basis for the entire speech. Sanger continues by proposing her tactics for achieving the era of children which the century had promised to be. She makes many more analogies throughout the speech to make her message more understandable, but none as complex as the two previously discussed. When Sanger is speaking of the need for motherhood to be a choice for women, a main theme of the speech, she remarks that “we have got to free women from enforced, enslaved maternity,” relating unwilling mothers to slaves, another powerful analogy. A final notable analogy comes when Sanger discusses a hypothetical way in which she thinks children’s entrance into life should be viewed in order to best benefit them. She wishes that the unborn children could interview prospective parents to be sure they are able to provide a suitable home. Sanger puts this idea forward in the form of an analogy when she states, “When you want a cook or housemaid, you go to an employment bureau. You have to answer questions. You have to exchange references. You have to persuade the talented cook that you conduct a proper well-run household. Children ought to have at least the same privilege as cooks.” Although the idea is clearly unrealistic, it shows how strongly Margaret wants to better the experience of children in the twentieth century.</span></span></span><span style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#CC0000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; font-family:Arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#CC0000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#CC0000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; font-family:Arial;"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#CC0000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">With each example Sanger’s analogy gives her purpose a sense of clarity and relatability that would not have been present had she simply droned on about boring social issues the entire time. Instead the stylistic choice to use analogies not only made the purpose more clear, but made the speech more interesting, and therefore more effective at delivering the intended message. “The Children’s Era” is only a sliver of Margaret Sanger’s life-long work in her crusade to improve not only the lives of children, but their mothers, by providing alternatives to the horrors she had witnessed working in the slums of New York City. Near the end of Sanger’s involvement with this cause, the impact of her work was culminated through the development of the birth control pill, a huge victory for the crusade. Sanger’s legacy is undoubtedly a controversial one, but clearly the words of a gifted speaker hold tremendous power.</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#CC0000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span></span></span><div style="text-align: center;"><span><span style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#CC0000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">Work Cited<br /><br /></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#CC0000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span></span><div style="text-align: left;"><span><span style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#CC0000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">Sanger, Margaret. "The Children's Era." </span></span></span><i style="font-family: arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#CC0000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">American Rhetoric</span></span></i><span style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#CC0000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">. N.p., 2009. Web. 3 Oct. 2010.<br /><br /></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#CC0000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span></span><div style="text-align: center;"><span><span style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#CC0000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">Work Consulted<br /><br /></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#CC0000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span></span><div style="text-align: left;"><span><span style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#CC0000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">"Margaret Sanger." </span></span></span><i style="font-family: arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#CC0000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">American Social Leaders</span></span></i><span style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#CC0000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">. N.p.: n.p., 2001. N. pag. </span></span></span><i style="font-family: arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#CC0000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">eLibrary</span></span></i><span style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#CC0000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">.</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#CC0000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#CC0000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"> Web. 3 Oct. 2010.</span></span></span></span><br /></div></div></div></div>Sarah Joachimhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11664457121788830209noreply@blogger.com